*dusāną
Runic: ᛞᚢᛊᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdu.sɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
- to be stunned, swoon
- to be dizzy
- to slumber
Etymology
An eh₂(ye)-fractive verb, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-eh₂yé/ó- from *dʰwes- (‘to breathe, inhale, exhale’). Cognates are Latvian dusēt (‘to sleep, rest’), which went through similar semantic change, from a sense of ‘to breathe’ > ‘to feel shortness of breath’ > ‘breath heavily’ > ‘sleep’), Bengali ধসা (dhośa, ‘to be destroyed; to be ruined’), and Latin furō (‘to rave, rage, or seethe; to be crazed, mad, or frantic’). Related to *deuzą (‘(wild) animal, beast’), *deuzaz (‘wild, fierce, bold’), and *dūsaz (‘still, calm’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dusō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | dusaisi | – | dusai |
| 3rd singular | dusaiþi | – | dusāþau |
| 1st dual | dusōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | dusāþiz | – | dusāþiz |
| 1st plural | dusāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | dusaiþ | – | dusaiþ |
| 3rd plural | dusānþi | – | dusānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | dusāsai | – |
| 3rd singular | dusāþai | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | dusānþai | – |
| 2nd plural | dusānþai | – |
| 3rd plural | dusānþai | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dusadǭ | dusadēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | dusadēz | dusadēdīz |
| 3rd singular | dusadē | dusadēdī |
| 1st dual | dusadēdū | dusadēdīw |
| 2nd dual | dusadēdudiz | dusadēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | dusadēdum | dusadēdīm |
| 2nd plural | dusadēdud | dusadēdīd |
| 3rd plural | dusadēdun | dusadēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| dusāną | dusāndz | dusadaz |
Descendants
-
*dusēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old English)
-
*dosen (Middle English)
- doze, dose (English)
-
*dosen (Middle English)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old English)
-
*dusēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
dusia (Old Frisian)
- dusinge (Old Frisian)
-
dusia (Old Frisian)
-
*dusēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
tûzen, dôsen (Middle High German)
- bedützen (German)
-
tûzen, dôsen (Middle High German)
-
*dusēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old Saxon)
-
dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen (Middle Low German)
- dǖsinge (Middle Low German)
-
dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen (Middle Low German)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old Saxon)
-
*dusēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old Saxon)
-
dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen (Middle Low German)
-
dösen, dussen, dusken (Low German)
- dösen (German)
-
dösen, dussen, dusken (Low German)
-
dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen (Middle Low German)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old Saxon)
-
*dusēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old Saxon)
-
dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen (Middle Low German)
-
bedǖsen (Middle Low German)
-
bedösen, bedussen (Low German)
- bedösen (German)
-
bedösen, bedussen (Low German)
-
bedǖsen (Middle Low German)
-
dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen (Middle Low German)
-
*dusian, *dosian (Old Saxon)
-
*dusa, dúsa (Old Norse)
- dúsa, dusa (Icelandic)
- duse (Norwegian)