*dwaljaną
Runic: ᛞᚹᚨᛚᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdwɑl.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to be confused, perplex
- to hold up, delay
Etymology
From *dwalaz (‘confused, stunned; foolish, misled, mad’) + *-(i)janą(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs), also conflated with *dwelaną (‘to err’) + *-(i)janą(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Both are ultimately from the same origin, Proto-Indo-European root *dʰwelh₂- (‘to dim, dull, cloud, make obscure, swirl, whirl’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dwaljō | dwaljaų | – |
| 2nd singular | dwalisi | dwaljais | dwali |
| 3rd singular | dwaliþi | dwaljai | dwaljaþau |
| 1st dual | dwaljōs | dwaljaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | dwaljaþiz | dwaljaiþiz | dwaljaþiz |
| 1st plural | dwaljamaz | dwaljaim | – |
| 2nd plural | dwaliþ | dwaljaiþ | dwaliþ |
| 3rd plural | dwaljanþi | dwaljain | dwaljanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dwaljai | – |
| 2nd singular | dwaljasai | dwaljaisau |
| 3rd singular | dwaljaþai | dwaljaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | dwaljanþai | dwaljainþau |
| 2nd plural | dwaljanþai | dwaljainþau |
| 3rd plural | dwaljanþai | dwaljainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dwalidǭ | dwalidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | dwalidēz | dwalidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | dwalidē | dwalidēdī |
| 1st dual | dwalidēdū | dwalidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | dwalidēdudiz | dwalidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | dwalidēdum | dwalidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | dwalidēdud | dwalidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | dwalidēdun | dwalidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| dwaljaną | dwaljandz | dwalidaz |
Descendants
-
*dwalljan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dwellen (Old Dutch)
-
dwellen (Middle Dutch)
- dwelle (Limburgish)
-
dwellen (Middle Dutch)
-
*dwellen (Old Dutch)
-
*dwalljan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
dwellan (Old English)
-
dwellen, duell, duelle, dwel, dwell, dwelle, dwellyn, dweylle (Middle English)
- dwell (English)
- dwall (Scots)
-
dwellen, duell, duelle, dwel, dwell, dwelle, dwellyn, dweylle (Middle English)
-
dwellan (Old English)
-
*dwalljan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
twellen (Old High German)
- twellen (Middle High German)
-
twellen (Old High German)
-
*dwalljan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *dwellian (Old Saxon)
-
dvelja (Old Norse)
- dvæle (Danish)
- dvelja (Icelandic)
- dvelja (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- dväljas (Swedish)