*furhtijaną
Runic: ᚠᚢᚱᚺᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɸurx.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to frighten, make afraid
- to fear, be afraid
Etymology
A union of two related formations, a factitive from *furhtaz (‘fearful, afraid’) + *-janą and denominative *furhtō (‘fright, fear’) + *-janą.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | furhtijō | furhtijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | furhtīsi | furhtijais | furhtī |
| 3rd singular | furhtīþi | furhtijai | furhtijaþau |
| 1st dual | furhtijōs | furhtijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | furhtijaþiz | furhtijaiþiz | furhtijaþiz |
| 1st plural | furhtijamaz | furhtijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | furhtīþ | furhtijaiþ | furhtīþ |
| 3rd plural | furhtijanþi | furhtijain | furhtijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | furhtijai | – |
| 2nd singular | furhtijasai | furhtijaisau |
| 3rd singular | furhtijaþai | furhtijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | furhtijanþai | furhtijainþau |
| 2nd plural | furhtijanþai | furhtijainþau |
| 3rd plural | furhtijanþai | furhtijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | furhtidǭ | furhtidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | furhtidēz | furhtidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | furhtidē | furhtidēdī |
| 1st dual | furhtidēdū | furhtidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | furhtidēdudiz | furhtidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | furhtidēdum | furhtidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | furhtidēdud | furhtidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | furhtidēdun | furhtidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| furhtijaną | furhtijandz | furhtidaz |
Descendants
-
*furhtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*forhten, *furhten (Old Dutch)
-
vruchten (Middle Dutch)
- vruchten (Dutch)
-
vruchten (Middle Dutch)
-
*forhten, *furhten (Old Dutch)
-
*furhtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
fyrhtan (Old English)
-
frighten, friȝten, fyrten (Middle English)
- fright (English)
- fricht (Scots)
-
frighten, friȝten, fyrten (Middle English)
-
fyrhtan (Old English)
-
*furhtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
furhten, forhten, forahten (Old High German)
-
vurchten (Middle High German)
- fürchten (German)
- fäerten (Luxembourgish)
-
vurchten (Middle High German)
-
furhten, forhten, forahten (Old High German)
-
*furhtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
forhtian (Old Saxon)
-
vörchten, vröchten, vrüchten, vürchten (Middle Low German)
- fürchten (German Low German)
-
vörchten, vröchten, vrüchten, vürchten (Middle Low German)
-
forhtian (Old Saxon)
- 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurhtjan) (Gothic)