*gawjaną
Runic: ᚷᚨᚹᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to bark
- to shout, scream, or yell at
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (‘to call, invoke’), related to Proto-Slavic *zъvati (‘to call’).
Or from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (‘to gape, yawn’), related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (‘palate’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gawjō | gawjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | gawisi | gawjais | gawi |
| 3rd singular | gawiþi | gawjai | gawjaþau |
| 1st dual | gawjōs | gawjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | gawjaþiz | gawjaiþiz | gawjaþiz |
| 1st plural | gawjamaz | gawjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | gawiþ | gawjaiþ | gawiþ |
| 3rd plural | gawjanþi | gawjain | gawjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gawjai | – |
| 2nd singular | gawjasai | gawjaisau |
| 3rd singular | gawjaþai | gawjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | gawjanþai | gawjainþau |
| 2nd plural | gawjanþai | gawjainþau |
| 3rd plural | gawjanþai | gawjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gōw | gōwį̄ |
| 2nd singular | gōwt | gōwīz |
| 3rd singular | gōw | gōwī |
| 1st dual | gōwū | gōwīw |
| 2nd dual | gōwudiz | gōwīdiz |
| 1st plural | gōwum | gōwīm |
| 2nd plural | gōwud | gōwīd |
| 3rd plural | gōwun | gōwīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| gawjaną | gawjandz | gawanaz |
Descendants
-
*gauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ġēġan, ġēn, ġǣn (Old English)
- ȝeȝen, ȝeiȝen, ȝeien, yeyen (Middle English)
-
ġēġan, ġēn, ġǣn (Old English)
-
*gauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*gēia (Old Frisian)
- geie (West Frisian)
-
*gēia (Old Frisian)
-
*gauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*gouwezzen (Old High German)
-
*gouezen, *gouzen (Middle High German)
- gauzen (German)
-
*gouezen, *gouzen (Middle High German)
-
*gouwezzen (Old High German)
-
*gauijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ġēġan, ġēn, ġǣn (Old English)
- ȝeȝen, ȝeiȝen, ȝeien, yeyen (Middle English)
-
ġēġan, ġēn, ġǣn (Old English)
-
*gauijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*gēia (Old Frisian)
- geie (West Frisian)
-
*gēia (Old Frisian)
-
*gauijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*gouwezzen (Old High German)
-
*gouezen, *gouzen (Middle High German)
- gauzen (German)
-
*gouezen, *gouzen (Middle High German)
-
*gouwezzen (Old High German)
-
geyja (Old Norse)
- gø (Danish)
- goyggja (Faroese)
- geyja (Icelandic)
- gjø (Norwegian Bokmål)
- gøy (Norwegian Nynorsk)