*gellaną
Runic: ᚷᛖᛚᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣel.lɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 3
Meanings
to shout, to yell
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (‘to shout’), possibly with contamination from a marginally attested iterative *gullōną, although Kroonen suggests the strong verb was back-formed to the iterative.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gellō | gellaų | – |
| 2nd singular | gillizi | gellaiz | gell |
| 3rd singular | gillidi | gellai | gelladau |
| 1st dual | gellōz | gellaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | gelladiz | gellaidiz | gelladiz |
| 1st plural | gellamaz | gellaim | – |
| 2nd plural | gillid | gellaid | gillid |
| 3rd plural | gellandi | gellain | gellandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gellai | – |
| 2nd singular | gellazai | gellaizau |
| 3rd singular | gelladai | gellaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | gellandai | gellaindau |
| 2nd plural | gellandai | gellaindau |
| 3rd plural | gellandai | gellaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gall | gullį̄ |
| 2nd singular | gallt | gullīz |
| 3rd singular | gall | gullī |
| 1st dual | gullū | gullīw |
| 2nd dual | gulludiz | gullīdiz |
| 1st plural | gullum | gullīm |
| 2nd plural | gullud | gullīd |
| 3rd plural | gullun | gullīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| gellaną | gellandz | gullanaz |
Descendants
-
ġiellan (Old English)
-
yellen (Middle English)
- yell (English)
-
yellen (Middle English)
-
*gellan (Old Saxon)
-
gellen (Middle Low German)
- gielen (German Low German)
-
gellen (Middle Low German)
-
*gellan (Old Dutch)
-
gellen (Middle Dutch)
-
gillen (Dutch)
- gil (Afrikaans)
-
gillen (Dutch)
-
gellen (Middle Dutch)
-
gellan (Old High German)
-
gellen (Middle High German)
- gellen (German)
-
gellen (Middle High German)
-
gella (Old Norse)
- gjalla (Faroese)
- gella, gjalla (Icelandic)
- gjalle (Norwegian Bokmål)
- gjalla, gjella (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
gella (Old Norse)
-
gællæ, *giallæ (Old Danish)
- gjalde (Danish)
-
gællæ, *giallæ (Old Danish)
-
gella (Old Norse)
-
gælla (Old Swedish)
- gälla, gäll (Swedish)
-
gælla (Old Swedish)
-
gjalla (Old Norse)
- gjalla (Faroese)
- gella, gjalla (Icelandic)
- gjalle (Norwegian Bokmål)
- gjalla, gjella (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
gjalla (Old Norse)
-
gællæ, *giallæ (Old Danish)
- gjalde (Danish)
-
gællæ, *giallæ (Old Danish)
-
gjalla (Old Norse)
-
gælla (Old Swedish)
- gälla, gäll (Swedish)
-
gælla (Old Swedish)