*griwjaną
Runic: ᚷᚱᛁᚹᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣriw.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to dawn, begin to shine
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁u-, *ǵʰreh₁- (‘to dawn, shine’). Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒊒𒌑 (ka-ru-ú) (ka-ru-ú, ‘early; up to now’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | griwjō | griwjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | griwisi | griwjais | griwi |
| 3rd singular | griwiþi | griwjai | griwjaþau |
| 1st dual | griwjōs | griwjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | griwjaþiz | griwjaiþiz | griwjaþiz |
| 1st plural | griwjamaz | griwjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | griwiþ | griwjaiþ | griwiþ |
| 3rd plural | griwjanþi | griwjain | griwjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | griwjai | – |
| 2nd singular | griwjasai | griwjaisau |
| 3rd singular | griwjaþai | griwjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | griwjanþai | griwjainþau |
| 2nd plural | griwjanþai | griwjainþau |
| 3rd plural | griwjanþai | griwjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | griwidǭ | griwidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | griwidēz | griwidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | griwidē | griwidēdī |
| 1st dual | griwidēdū | griwidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | griwidēdudiz | griwidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | griwidēdum | griwidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | griwidēdud | griwidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | griwidēdun | griwidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| griwjaną | griwjandz | griwidaz |
Descendants
-
*grýja (Old Norse)
- gry (Elfdalian)
- gliggja (Faroese)
- grya (Gutnish)
- gry (Norwegian)
-
*grýja (Old Norse)
-
*grȳ (Old Danish)
- gry (Danish)
-
*grȳ (Old Danish)
-
*grýja (Old Norse)
-
*grȳia, grȳ (Old Swedish)
- gry (Swedish)
-
*grȳia, grȳ (Old Swedish)