*grubaz

Runic: ᚷᚱᚢᛒᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɣru.βɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

coarse, rough

Etymology

Origin uncertain. According to Kroonen, from Pre-Germanic *gʰrubʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ- (‘to grind’); see *greupaną (‘to cut up, grind’) for more. Compare also Lithuanian grubus (‘rough’), Serbo-Croatian grȗb (‘rough, coarse’).

Alternatively from *ga- + *hrubaz, related to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (‘scabby, rough’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	grubaz	grubō	grubą, -atō	grubai	grubôz	grubō
Acc.	grubanǭ	grubǭ	grubą, -atō	grubanz	grubōz	grubō
Gen.	grubas, -is	grubaizōz	grubas, -is	grubaizǫ̂	grubaizǫ̂	grubaizǫ̂
Dat.	grubammai	grubaizōi	grubammai	grubaimaz	grubaimaz	grubaimaz
Inst.	grubanō	grubaizō	grubanō	grubaimiz	grubaimiz	grubaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	grubô	grubǭ	grubô	grubaniz	grubōniz	grubōnō
Acc.	grubanų	grubōnų	grubô	grubanunz	grubōnunz	grubōnō
Gen.	grubiniz	grubōniz	grubiniz	grubanǫ̂	grubōnǫ̂	grubanǫ̂
Dat.	grubini	grubōni	grubini	grubammaz	grubōmaz	grubammaz
Inst.	grubinē	grubōnē	grubinē	grubammiz	grubōmiz	grubammiz

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Descendants

*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - gruff (English)
    - graof (Limburgish)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - grof (Dutch)
      - grof (Afrikaans)
      - grofu (Berbice Creole Dutch)
      - gròf, grof (Papiamentu)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - grof (Dutch)
      - grof (Negerhollands)
        
        grof (Virgin Islands Creole)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - grof (Dutch)
      - grofu (Sranan Tongo)
        
        grofu (Caribbean Hindustani)
        
        grofu (Caribbean Javanese)
        
        goófu (Saramaccan)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Frisian)
  - groaf (Saterland Frisian)
  - grof (West Frisian)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- grob, girob (Old High German)
  - grop, grob (Middle High German)
    - grob (German)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- grob, girob (Old High German)
  - griobo, *greubô (Old High German)
    - griebe (Middle High German)
      - Grüübi (Alemannic German)
      - Griebe (German)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Saxon)
  - grof, grōv- (Middle Low German)
    - groff (Low German)
    - groff (Plautdietsch)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Saxon)
  - grof, grōv- (Middle Low German)
    - grófr (Old Norse)
      - grov (Danish)
      - ?, grov (Norwegian)
*grob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Saxon)
  - grof, grōv- (Middle Low German)
    - grófr (Old Norse)
      - grōver (Old Swedish)
        
        grov (Swedish)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - gruff (English)
    - graof (Limburgish)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - grof (Dutch)
      - grof (Afrikaans)
      - grofu (Berbice Creole Dutch)
      - gròf, grof (Papiamentu)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - grof (Dutch)
      - grof (Negerhollands)
        
        grof (Virgin Islands Creole)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Dutch)
  - grof (Middle Dutch)
    - grof (Dutch)
      - grofu (Sranan Tongo)
        
        grofu (Caribbean Hindustani)
        
        grofu (Caribbean Javanese)
        
        goófu (Saramaccan)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Frisian)
  - groaf (Saterland Frisian)
  - grof (West Frisian)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- grob, girob (Old High German)
  - grop, grob (Middle High German)
    - grob (German)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- grob, girob (Old High German)
  - griobo, *greubô (Old High German)
    - griebe (Middle High German)
      - Grüübi (Alemannic German)
      - Griebe (German)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Saxon)
  - grof, grōv- (Middle Low German)
    - groff (Low German)
    - groff (Plautdietsch)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Saxon)
  - grof, grōv- (Middle Low German)
    - grófr (Old Norse)
      - grov (Danish)
      - ?, grov (Norwegian)
*gahrob (Proto-West Germanic)
- *grof (Old Saxon)
  - grof, grōv- (Middle Low German)
    - grófr (Old Norse)
      - grōver (Old Swedish)
        
        grov (Swedish)

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