*grunnatjaną

Runic: ᚷᚱᚢᚾᚨᛏᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣrun.nɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

to grunt

Etymology

From *grunnōną + *-atjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (‘to thunder’) or *gʰrun- (‘to shout’), both likely imitative of pigs; compare Latin grunniō (‘to grunt’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	grunnatjō	grunnatjaų	–
2nd singular	grunnatisi	grunnatjais	grunnati
3rd singular	grunnatiþi	grunnatjai	grunnatjaþau
1st dual	grunnatjōs	grunnatjaiw	–
2nd dual	grunnatjaþiz	grunnatjaiþiz	grunnatjaþiz
1st plural	grunnatjamaz	grunnatjaim	–
2nd plural	grunnatiþ	grunnatjaiþ	grunnatiþ
3rd plural	grunnatjanþi	grunnatjain	grunnatjanþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	grunnatjai	–
2nd singular	grunnatjasai	grunnatjaisau
3rd singular	grunnatjaþai	grunnatjaiþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	grunnatjanþai	grunnatjainþau
2nd plural	grunnatjanþai	grunnatjainþau
3rd plural	grunnatjanþai	grunnatjainþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	grunnastǭ	grunnastēdį̄
2nd singular	grunnastēz	grunnastēdīz
3rd singular	grunnastē	grunnastēdī
1st dual	grunnastēdū	grunnastēdīw
2nd dual	grunnastēdudiz	grunnastēdīdiz
1st plural	grunnastēdum	grunnastēdīm
2nd plural	grunnastēdud	grunnastēdīd
3rd plural	grunnastēdun	grunnastēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
grunnatjaną	grunnatjandz	grunnatidaz

Descendants

*grunnattjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunnettan (Old English)
  - grunten, gronte, gronten, grunt, grunte, grunton (Middle English)
    - grunt (English)
    - grunt (Scots)
*grunnattjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunnezzen, grunzen (Old High German)
  - grunsen, grünsen (Middle Low German)
*grunnattjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunnezzen, grunzen (Old High German)
  - grunzen (Middle High German)
    - grunzen (German)
    - grunzen (Luxembourgish)

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