*grōtijaną

Runic: ᚷᚱᛟᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣrɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

  1. to cause to weep; make cry
  2. to scold
  3. to address (an issue)
  4. to address (an individual); greet

Etymology

From *grētaną + *-janą.

Conjugation

Present active

PersonIndicativeSubjunctiveImperative
1st singulargrōtijōgrōtijaų–
2nd singulargrōtīsigrōtijaisgrōtī
3rd singulargrōtīþigrōtijaigrōtijaþau
1st dualgrōtijōsgrōtijaiw–
2nd dualgrōtijaþizgrōtijaiþizgrōtijaþiz
1st pluralgrōtijamazgrōtijaim–
2nd pluralgrōtīþgrōtijaiþgrōtīþ
3rd pluralgrōtijanþigrōtijaingrōtijanþau

Present passive

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singulargrōtijai–
2nd singulargrōtijasaigrōtijaisau
3rd singulargrōtijaþaigrōtijaiþau
1st dual––
2nd dual––
1st pluralgrōtijanþaigrōtijainþau
2nd pluralgrōtijanþaigrōtijainþau
3rd pluralgrōtijanþaigrōtijainþau

Past

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singulargrōtidǭgrōtidēdį̄
2nd singulargrōtidēzgrōtidēdīz
3rd singulargrōtidēgrōtidēdī
1st dualgrōtidēdūgrōtidēdīw
2nd dualgrōtidēdudizgrōtidēdīdiz
1st pluralgrōtidēdumgrōtidēdīm
2nd pluralgrōtidēdudgrōtidēdīd
3rd pluralgrōtidēdungrōtidēdīn

Non-finite Forms

InfinitivePresent ParticiplePast Participle
grōtijaną grōtijandz grōtidaz

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Descendants

  • *grōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *gruoten (Old Dutch)
      • groeten, gruten (Middle Dutch)
        • groeten (Dutch)
          • groet (Afrikaans)
          • khrut (Caribbean Javanese)
          • groet, gruet, groetnes (Negerhollands)
  • *grōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • grētan, grœ̄tan (Old English)
      • greten (Middle English)
        • greet (English)
        • grete, greit (Scots)
  • *grōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • grēta (Old Frisian)
      • gröitje (Saterland Frisian)
      • groetsje (West Frisian)
  • *grōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • gruozen, gruozzen (Old High German)
      • grüezen (Middle High German)
        • grüesse (Alemannic German)
        • griaßn (Bavarian)
        • grüazan, grüusan (Cimbrian)
        • grüßen (German)
        • gréissen (Luxembourgish)
  • *grōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • grōtian (Old Saxon)
      • grö̂ten (Middle Low German)
        • gröten (German Low German)
  • *grōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *grōtiāre (Vulgar Latin)
      • grocier, grucier, groucier, grouchier (Old French)
        • grouchen, grucchen (Middle English)
          • grouch, grutch, grudge, grouse (English)
          • gruch, grutch, grunch (Scots)
  • grǿta (Old Norse)
    • grøta (Faroese)
    • græta (Icelandic)
    • grøta (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • grø̄ta (Old Swedish)
  • grœta (Old Norse)
    • grøta (Faroese)
    • græta (Icelandic)
    • grøta (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • grø̄ta (Old Swedish)

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