*haldaną
Runic: ᚺᚨᛚᛞᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑl.dɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 7c
Meanings
to hold, to keep
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (‘to hide, conceal’). Other theories connect the word to Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (‘to rise’), *kel- (‘to drive’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | haldō | haldaų | – |
| 2nd singular | haldizi | haldaiz | hald |
| 3rd singular | haldidi | haldai | haldadau |
| 1st dual | haldōz | haldaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | haldadiz | haldaidiz | haldadiz |
| 1st plural | haldamaz | haldaim | – |
| 2nd plural | haldid | haldaid | haldid |
| 3rd plural | haldandi | haldain | haldandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | haldai | – |
| 2nd singular | haldazai | haldaizau |
| 3rd singular | haldadai | haldaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | haldandai | haldaindau |
| 2nd plural | haldandai | haldaindau |
| 3rd plural | haldandai | haldaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hehald | hehaldį̄ |
| 2nd singular | hehalst | hehaldīz |
| 3rd singular | hehald | hehaldī |
| 1st dual | hehaldū | hehaldīw |
| 2nd dual | hehaldudiz | hehaldīdiz |
| 1st plural | hehaldum | hehaldīm |
| 2nd plural | hehaldud | hehaldīd |
| 3rd plural | hehaldun | hehaldīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| haldaną | haldandz | haldanaz |
Descendants
-
*haldan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
haldan (Old Dutch)
-
houden, halden, holden (Middle Dutch)
- haaje (Limburgish)
-
houden, halden, holden (Middle Dutch)
-
haldan (Old Dutch)
-
*haldan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
haldan (Old Dutch)
-
houden, halden, holden (Middle Dutch)
-
houden, houwen, houen (Dutch)
- hou (Afrikaans)
- béc aou (Antillean Creole)
- hau (Berbice Creole Dutch)
- hou, how (Negerhollands)
- how, ow (Skepi Creole Dutch)
-
houden, houwen, houen (Dutch)
-
houden, halden, holden (Middle Dutch)
-
haldan (Old Dutch)
-
*haldan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
healdan, haldan (Old English)
-
holden, halden, halde, halt (Middle English)
- hold (English)
- ha'd (Geordie)
- hald, hauld, haud, had (Scots)
- houle (Yola)
-
holden, halden, halde, halt (Middle English)
-
healdan, haldan (Old English)
-
*haldan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
halda (Old Frisian)
- hoolde (Saterland Frisian)
- hâlde (West Frisian)
-
halda (Old Frisian)
-
*haldan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
haltan (Old High German)
-
halten, halden (Middle High German)
- hoiten (Bavarian)
- haltan, haltn (Cimbrian)
- halten (German)
- halen (Luxembourgish)
- האַלטן (haltn) (Yiddish)
-
halten, halden (Middle High German)
-
haltan (Old High German)
-
*haldan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
haldan (Old Saxon)
-
halden, hōlden (Middle Low German)
- hallen, halden, holen, holden, hollen, hooln (Low German)
- hoolen (Plautdietsch)
-
halden, hōlden (Middle Low German)
-
haldan (Old Saxon)
-
halda (Old Norse)
- halda (Faroese)
- halda (Icelandic)
- halda (Norn)
- halda (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
halda (Old Norse)
-
holde (Danish)
- holde (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
holde (Danish)
-
halda (Old Norse)
-
halda (Old Gutnish)
- halde, alde, hald', halda (Gutnish)
-
halda (Old Gutnish)
-
halda (Old Norse)
-
halda, holda, halla (Old Swedish)
- hålla, hall (Swedish)
-
halda, holda, halla (Old Swedish)
- 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (haldan) (Gothic)
- *haldit'ak (Proto-Finnic)