*hardijaną
Runic: ᚺᚨᚱᛞᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to make hard, strong; to harden
Etymology
From *harduz (‘hard, severe’) + *-janą.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hardijō | hardijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | hardīsi | hardijais | hardī |
| 3rd singular | hardīþi | hardijai | hardijaþau |
| 1st dual | hardijōs | hardijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | hardijaþiz | hardijaiþiz | hardijaþiz |
| 1st plural | hardijamaz | hardijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | hardīþ | hardijaiþ | hardīþ |
| 3rd plural | hardijanþi | hardijain | hardijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hardijai | – |
| 2nd singular | hardijasai | hardijaisau |
| 3rd singular | hardijaþai | hardijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | hardijanþai | hardijainþau |
| 2nd plural | hardijanþai | hardijainþau |
| 3rd plural | hardijanþai | hardijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hardidǭ | hardidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | hardidēz | hardidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | hardidē | hardidēdī |
| 1st dual | hardidēdū | hardidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | hardidēdudiz | hardidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | hardidēdum | hardidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | hardidēdud | hardidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | hardidēdun | hardidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| hardijaną | hardijandz | hardidaz |
Descendants
-
*hardijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- herda (Old Frisian)
-
*hardijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*herden (Old Dutch)
-
herden, harden (Middle Dutch)
-
harden (Dutch)
- hard (Afrikaans)
-
harden (Dutch)
-
herden, harden (Middle Dutch)
-
*herden (Old Dutch)
-
*hardijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan (Old English)
-
herden, harden (Middle English)
- hard (English)
-
herden, harden (Middle English)
-
hierdan, herdan, hyrdan, hirdan (Old English)
-
*hardijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
hardir (Old French)
- hardy (English)
- hardi (French)
-
hardir (Old French)
-
*hardijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
herten (Old High German)
-
herten (Middle High German)
- härten (German)
-
herten (Middle High German)
-
herten (Old High German)
-
herða (Old Norse)
- herða (Icelandic)
- ?, herda, herde (Norwegian)
-
herða (Old Norse)
-
hærthæ (Old Danish)
- hærde (Danish)
-
hærthæ (Old Danish)
-
herða (Old Norse)
-
hærþa (Old Swedish)
- härda (Swedish)
-
hærþa (Old Swedish)
- *𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*hardjan) (Gothic)
- 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahardjan) (Gothic)
- *kärcidäk (Proto-Finnic)
- *kiertëtēk (Proto-Samic)