*harjaz

Runic: ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑr.jɑz/

noun · masculine · ja-stem

Meanings

  1. army
  2. army leader; commander; warrior

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kóryos (‘war, troops’), from *ker- (‘army’). Cognate with Old Irish cuire (‘troop, host, company; muster’), Lithuanian kãras, kãrias (‘war’), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos) (koíranos, ‘ruler, commander, military leader’), Old Persian 𐎣𐎠𐎼 (k-a-r /⁠kāra⁠/, ‘people of war, army’).

Possibly attested as a vocative or combining form hari on Negau B, a helmet dated to 450–350 BCE (although the inscription may have been added much later with a terminus ante quem of 50 BCE, when the hoard was buried). First attested with certainty as runic harja (2nd century, Vimose), although the latter inscription may be considered to postdate Proto-Germanic.

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.harjazharjōz, harjōs
Acc.harjąharjanz
Gen.harjas, harisharjǫ̂
Dat.harjaiharjamaz
Inst.harjōharjamiz
Voc.hariharjōz, harjōs

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Descendants

  • *hari (Proto-West Germanic)
    • heri (Old Dutch)
      • here (Middle Dutch)
        • heer, heir (Dutch)
          • heer (Afrikaans)
  • *hari (Proto-West Germanic)
    • here (Old English)
      • here (Middle English)
        • here, heir, heyr (Scots)
  • *hari (Proto-West Germanic)
    • here, hire (Old Frisian)
      • Heer (Saterland Frisian)
      • hear (West Frisian)
  • *hari (Proto-West Germanic)
    • heri (Old High German)
      • here, her (Middle High German)
        • Heer (German)
  • *hari (Proto-West Germanic)
    • heri (Old Saxon)
      • hēre, hēr (Middle Low German)
        • Her (Low German)
  • *ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*harjaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • herur (Faroese)
      • her (Icelandic)
      • her (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • *ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*harjaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • hær (Danish)
        • hær (Norwegian Bokmål)
          • hær (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • *ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*harjaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • hær (Old Swedish)
        • här (Swedish)
  • ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨ (harja) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • herur (Faroese)
      • her (Icelandic)
      • her (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨ (harja) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • hær (Danish)
        • hær (Norwegian Bokmål)
          • hær (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨ (harja) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • hær (Old Swedish)
        • här (Swedish)
  • ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • herur (Faroese)
      • her (Icelandic)
      • her (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • hær (Danish)
        • hær (Norwegian Bokmål)
          • hær (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • herr, -arr (Old Norse)
      • hær (Old Swedish)
        • här (Swedish)
  • ? (East Germanic)
    • 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis) (Gothic)
    • *haris (Vandalic)
  • *karja (Proto-Finnic)

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