*hrukkaz

Runic: ᚺᚱᚢᚲᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxruk.kɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

a robe; jacket; skirt; tunic

Etymology

Kroonen considers the term to be of unknown origin, and additionally considers the reconstruction *rukkaz to be incorrect, due to the existence of forms such as Old Frisian hrock, thus rejecting the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *ruk-, *rug-, *ruǵ- (‘to spin’) and corollary connections with Proto-Germanic *rukkô (‘spinning wheel, distaff’), Old Irish rucht (‘tunic’), and Welsh rhuwch (‘bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle’).

An alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (‘to weave’) (whence Proto-Slavic *kresati (‘to strike fire)’) is semantically attractive, but phonetically problematic, as the expected Germanic form would be something like *hruhaz.

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.hrukkazhrukkōz, hrukkōs
Acc.hrukkąhrukkanz
Gen.hrukkas, hrukkishrukkǫ̂
Dat.hrukkaihrukkamaz
Inst.hrukkōhrukkamiz
Voc.hrukkhrukkōz, hrukkōs

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Descendants

  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus (Medieval Latin)
      • froc, rochet, roquet (Old French)
        • froc, rochet (French)
  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus (Medieval Latin)
      • froc, rochet, roquet (Old French)
        • frock, rochet, rocket (English)
          • rocchetto, roccetto (Italian)
          • roquete (Portuguese)
          • roquete (Spanish)
  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus (Medieval Latin)
      • froc, rochet, roquet (Old French)
        • frock, rochet, rocket (English)
          • frac (French)
            • frak (Dutch)
            • Frack (German)
            • frack (Swedish)
  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus (Medieval Latin)
      • froc, rochet, roquet (Old French)
        • frock, rochet, rocket (English)
          • frac (French)
            • frakke (Danish)
              • frakki (Faroese)
  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *rokk, *rok (Old Dutch)
      • roc (Middle Dutch)
        • rok (Dutch)
          • rok (Afrikaans)
  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • hrock (Old Frisian)
      • Rok (Saterland Frisian)
      • rôk, rok (West Frisian)
  • *hrokk (Proto-West Germanic)
    • hroch, hrok (Old High German)
      • roc (Middle High German)
        • Rock (German)

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