*hrōzijaną

Runic: ᚺᚱᛟᛉᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxrɔː.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

to stir

Etymology

A causative formation, analyzable as *hrōzaz (‘active, stirring, moving’) + *-janą. Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti: according to Kroonen, a direct cognate of Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia) (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, ‘to be shocked’), and according to Orel, of Proto-Slavic *krasiti (‘to ornate’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	hrōzijō	hrōzijaų	–
2nd singular	hrōzīsi	hrōzijais	hrōzī
3rd singular	hrōzīþi	hrōzijai	hrōzijaþau
1st dual	hrōzijōs	hrōzijaiw	–
2nd dual	hrōzijaþiz	hrōzijaiþiz	hrōzijaþiz
1st plural	hrōzijamaz	hrōzijaim	–
2nd plural	hrōzīþ	hrōzijaiþ	hrōzīþ
3rd plural	hrōzijanþi	hrōzijain	hrōzijanþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hrōzijai	–
2nd singular	hrōzijasai	hrōzijaisau
3rd singular	hrōzijaþai	hrōzijaiþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	hrōzijanþai	hrōzijainþau
2nd plural	hrōzijanþai	hrōzijainþau
3rd plural	hrōzijanþai	hrōzijainþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hrōzidǭ	hrōzidēdį̄
2nd singular	hrōzidēz	hrōzidēdīz
3rd singular	hrōzidē	hrōzidēdī
1st dual	hrōzidēdū	hrōzidēdīw
2nd dual	hrōzidēdudiz	hrōzidēdīdiz
1st plural	hrōzidēdum	hrōzidēdīm
2nd plural	hrōzidēdud	hrōzidēdīd
3rd plural	hrōzidēdun	hrōzidēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
hrōzijaną	hrōzijandz	hrōzidaz

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Descendants

*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ruoren, irruoran (Old Dutch)
  - roeren (Middle Dutch)
    - roeren (Dutch)
      - roer (Afrikaans)
*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hrēran (Old English)
  - rēren, rōrien (Middle English)
    - rear (English)
*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hrēran (Old English)
  - hrēre, hrēr (Old English)
    - rere (Middle English)
      - rear, rare (English)
*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hrēra (Old Frisian)
  - ríere (Saterland Frisian)
  - riere, reare (West Frisian)
*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hruorjan, ruoren (Old High German)
  - ruoren, rüeren (Middle High German)
    - riarn (Bavarian)
    - רירן (rirn) (Yiddish)
*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hruorjan, ruoren (Old High German)
  - ruoren, rüeren (Middle High German)
    - rühren (German)
      - rüürje (Saterland Frisian)
*hrōʀijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hrōrian (Old Saxon)
  - rôren (Middle Low German)
    - röhren (German Low German)
hrǿra (Old Norse)
- røra (Faroese)
- hræra (Icelandic)
- røra (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hrǿra (Old Norse)
- røræ (Old Danish)
  - røre (Danish)
    - røre (Norwegian Bokmål)
hrǿra (Old Norse)
- rø̄ra (Old Swedish)
  - röra (Swedish)
hrœra (Old Norse)
- røra (Faroese)
- hræra (Icelandic)
- røra (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hrœra (Old Norse)
- røræ (Old Danish)
  - røre (Danish)
    - røre (Norwegian Bokmål)
hrœra (Old Norse)
- rø̄ra (Old Swedish)
  - röra (Swedish)

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