*kalaną
Runic: ᚲᚨᛚᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 6
Meanings
to be cold, to freeze
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gól-, the o-grade root present of *gel- (‘cold’). Related to Latin gelū (‘frost, cold’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | kalō | kalaų | – |
| 2nd singular | kalizi | kalaiz | kal |
| 3rd singular | kalidi | kalai | kaladau |
| 1st dual | kalōz | kalaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | kaladiz | kalaidiz | kaladiz |
| 1st plural | kalamaz | kalaim | – |
| 2nd plural | kalid | kalaid | kalid |
| 3rd plural | kalandi | kalain | kalandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | kalai | – |
| 2nd singular | kalazai | kalaizau |
| 3rd singular | kaladai | kalaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | kalandai | kalaindau |
| 2nd plural | kalandai | kalaindau |
| 3rd plural | kalandai | kalaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | kōl | kōlį̄ |
| 2nd singular | kōlt | kōlīz |
| 3rd singular | kōl | kōlī |
| 1st dual | kōlū | kōlīw |
| 2nd dual | kōludiz | kōlīdiz |
| 1st plural | kōlum | kōlīm |
| 2nd plural | kōlud | kōlīd |
| 3rd plural | kōlun | kōlīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| kalaną | kalandz | kalanaz |
Descendants
-
*kalan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
calan (Old English)
- calen (Middle English)
-
calan (Old English)
-
kala (Old Norse)
- kala (Icelandic)
- kala, kalen (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- kala (Swedish)
- *kalëda (Proto-Finnic)