*kaldaz

Runic: ᚲᚨᛚᛞᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈkɑl.dɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

cold

Etymology

From the original past participle of *kalaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-. Diachronically from Proto-Indo-European *goltós.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	kaldaz	kaldō	kaldą, -atō	kaldai	kaldôz	kaldō
Acc.	kaldanǭ	kaldǭ	kaldą, -atō	kaldanz	kaldōz	kaldō
Gen.	kaldas, -is	kaldaizōz	kaldas, -is	kaldaizǫ̂	kaldaizǫ̂	kaldaizǫ̂
Dat.	kaldammai	kaldaizōi	kaldammai	kaldaimaz	kaldaimaz	kaldaimaz
Inst.	kaldanō	kaldaizō	kaldanō	kaldaimiz	kaldaimiz	kaldaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	kaldô	kaldǭ	kaldô	kaldaniz	kaldōniz	kaldōnō
Acc.	kaldanų	kaldōnų	kaldô	kaldanunz	kaldōnunz	kaldōnō
Gen.	kaldiniz	kaldōniz	kaldiniz	kaldanǫ̂	kaldōnǫ̂	kaldanǫ̂
Dat.	kaldini	kaldōni	kaldini	kaldammaz	kaldōmaz	kaldammaz
Inst.	kaldinē	kaldōnē	kaldinē	kaldammiz	kaldōmiz	kaldammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- *calt (Old Dutch)
  - cout, calt (Middle Dutch)
    - kaad (Limburgish)
    - koed, kod (West Flemish)
*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- *calt (Old Dutch)
  - cout, calt (Middle Dutch)
    - koud (Dutch)
      - koud (Afrikaans)
      - kautu (Berbice Creole Dutch)
      - kowru (Kwinti)
      - koud, koude, kout, kot, kou (Negerhollands)
      - koto (Saramaccan)
      - kout (Skepi Creole Dutch)
*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- ċeald, cald (Old English)
  - cold, cald, chald, cheald, cheld, coold (Middle English)
    - cold, cowd, cald, coath (English)
    - cawd, cauld (Geordie)
    - cald, cauld (Scots)
    - coale, khoal, cole (Yola)
*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- kald (Old Frisian)
  - koold (Saterland Frisian)
  - kâld (West Frisian)
*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- kalt (Old High German)
  - kalt (Middle High German)
    - chalt (Alemannic German)
    - ckolt, kholt, kòlt, koid, kålt (Bavarian)
    - kalt (Central Franconian)
    - kalt (German)
    - kal (Luxembourgish)
    - kalt (Pennsylvania German)
    - kāłt (Vilamovian)
    - קאַלט (kalt) (Yiddish)
*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- kald (Old Saxon)
  - kolt (Middle Low German)
    - kolt (Plautdietsch)
*kald (Proto-West Germanic)
- kald (Old Saxon)
  - kolt (Middle Low German)
    - kold (Low German)
      - kold, kol, koll, kolt, koolt, koold (German Low German)
      - ? (Westphalian)
kaldr (Old Norse)
- kold (Elfdalian)
- kaldur (Faroese)
- kaldar (Gutnish)
- kaldur (Icelandic)
- kald (Norwegian Bokmål)
- kald, kald’u, kald’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
kaldr (Old Norse)
- kald (Old Danish)
  - kold (Danish)
    - kold (Norwegian Bokmål)
kaldr (Old Norse)
- kalder, kaller (Old Swedish)
  - kall (Swedish)
𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds) (Gothic)

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