*knukōną
Runic: ᚲᚾᚢᚲᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈknu.kɔː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 2
Meanings
To pound on; beat on; knock
Etymology
From *knukô (‘bone’) + *-ōną, perhaps reinforced by sound-symbolism.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | knukō | knukǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | knukōsi | knukōs | knukō |
| 3rd singular | knukōþi | knukō | knukōþau |
| 1st dual | knukōs | knukōw | – |
| 2nd dual | knukōþiz | knukōþiz | knukōþiz |
| 1st plural | knukōmaz | knukōm | – |
| 2nd plural | knukōþ | knukōþ | knukōþ |
| 3rd plural | knukōnþi | knukōn | knukōnþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | knukōi | – |
| 2nd singular | knukōsai | knukōsau |
| 3rd singular | knukōþai | knukōþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | knukōnþai | knukōnþau |
| 2nd plural | knukōnþai | knukōnþau |
| 3rd plural | knukōnþai | knukōnþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | knukōdǭ | knukōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | knukōdēz | knukōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | knukōdē | knukōdēdī |
| 1st dual | knukōdēdū | knukōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | knukōdēdudiz | knukōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | knukōdēdum | knukōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | knukōdēdud | knukōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | knukōdēdun | knukōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| knukōną | knukōndz | knukōdaz |
Descendants
-
*knokōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
cnucian, cnocian (Old English)
-
knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn (Middle English)
- knock, tnock, knack (Scots)
- knockt (Yola)
-
knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn (Middle English)
-
cnucian, cnocian (Old English)
-
*knokōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
cnucian, cnocian (Old English)
-
knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn (Middle English)
-
knock (English)
- knokken, nokken (Dutch)
-
knock (English)
-
knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn (Middle English)
-
cnucian, cnocian (Old English)
-
*knokōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*knohhōn, *knochōn (Old High German)
- knochen (Middle High German)
-
*knohhōn, *knochōn (Old High German)
-
*knokōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*knokōn (Old Saxon)
-
*knoken (Middle Low German)
- ûtknoken, ûtknōken (Middle Low German)
-
*knoken (Middle Low German)
-
*knokōn (Old Saxon)
-
knoka (Old Norse)
- knuge (Danish)
- knoka (Icelandic)
- knuge (Norwegian)
- knocka (Swedish)
-
*cnagaid (Middle Irish)
- cnag (Irish)
- cnag (Scottish Gaelic)