*niwjōną

Runic: ᚾᛁᚹᛃᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈniu̯.jɔː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 2

Meanings

to renew, to make new

Etymology

Related to *niwjaz (‘new’) + *-ōną.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	niwjō	niwjǭ	–
2nd singular	niwjōsi	niwjōs	niwjō
3rd singular	niwjōþi	niwjō	niwjōþau
1st dual	niwjōs	niwjōw	–
2nd dual	niwjōþiz	niwjōþiz	niwjōþiz
1st plural	niwjōmaz	niwjōm	–
2nd plural	niwjōþ	niwjōþ	niwjōþ
3rd plural	niwjōnþi	niwjōn	niwjōnþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	niwjōi	–
2nd singular	niwjōsai	niwjōsau
3rd singular	niwjōþai	niwjōþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	niwjōnþai	niwjōnþau
2nd plural	niwjōnþai	niwjōnþau
3rd plural	niwjōnþai	niwjōnþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	niwjōdǭ	niwjōdēdį̄
2nd singular	niwjōdēz	niwjōdēdīz
3rd singular	niwjōdē	niwjōdēdī
1st dual	niwjōdēdū	niwjōdēdīw
2nd dual	niwjōdēdudiz	niwjōdēdīdiz
1st plural	niwjōdēdum	niwjōdēdīm
2nd plural	niwjōdēdud	niwjōdēdīd
3rd plural	niwjōdēdun	niwjōdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
niwjōną	niwjōndz	niwjōdaz

Find a form

Descendants

*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *niuwon (Old Dutch)
  - niewen (Middle Dutch)
    - nieuwen (Dutch)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *niuwon (Old Dutch)
  - niewen (Middle Dutch)
    - verniewen, verniën (Middle Dutch)
      - vernieuwen (Dutch)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan (Old English)
  - newen (Middle English)
    - new (English)
    - anewen (Middle English)
    - neu, new (Scots)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan (Old English)
  - newen (Middle English)
    - renewen (Middle English)
      - renew (English)
      - renew (Scots)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- nīa (Old Frisian)
  - urnīa (Old Frisian)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- nīa (Old Frisian)
  - fornīa (Old Frisian)
    - fernäije (Saterland Frisian)
    - fernije (West Frisian)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- niuwōn (Old High German)
  - niuwen (Middle High German)
    - neuen (German)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- niuwōn (Old High German)
  - niuwen (Middle High German)
    - verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen (Middle High German)
      - verneuen (German)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- niuwōn (Old High German)
  - niuwen (Middle High German)
    - verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen (Middle High German)
      - verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern (Middle High German)
        
        verneuern (German)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- niuwōn (Old High German)
  - irniuwōn (Old High German)
    - erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen (Middle High German)
      - erneuen (German)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- niuwōn (Old High German)
  - irniuwōn (Old High German)
    - erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen (Middle High German)
      - erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern (Middle High German)
        
        erneuern (German)
*niuwjōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *niuwōn (Old Saxon)
  - nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen (Middle Low German)
    - vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen (Middle Low German)
      - vernejen, vernien, verneen (German Low German)
      - vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren (Middle Low German)
nýja (Old Norse)
- nýja (Icelandic)

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