*sairaz
Runic: ᛊᚨᛁᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈsɑi̯.rɑz/adjective · a-stem
Meanings
sore, painful
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i-ro-, a derivative of *seh₂y- (‘to be fierce, afflict’); compare Hittite [script needed] (kaka-) (sāwar, ‘anger’), Old Irish saeth (‘pain’), Welsh hoed (‘pain’), Latin saevus (‘fierce’), Latvian sievs (‘sharp, biting’). Solmsen also connects Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía) (haimōdía, ‘sensation of having teeth on edge’) to the Proto-Germanic word as well.
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | sairaz | sairō | sairą, -atō | sairai | sairôz | sairō |
| Acc. | sairanǭ | sairǭ | sairą, -atō | sairanz | sairōz | sairō |
| Gen. | sairas, -is | sairaizōz | sairas, -is | sairaizǫ̂ | sairaizǫ̂ | sairaizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | sairammai | sairaizōi | sairammai | sairaimaz | sairaimaz | sairaimaz |
| Inst. | sairanō | sairaizō | sairanō | sairaimiz | sairaimiz | sairaimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | sairô | sairǭ | sairô | sairaniz | sairōniz | sairōnō |
| Acc. | sairanų | sairōnų | sairô | sairanunz | sairōnunz | sairōnō |
| Gen. | sairiniz | sairōniz | sairiniz | sairanǫ̂ | sairōnǫ̂ | sairanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | sairini | sairōni | sairini | sairammaz | sairōmaz | sairammaz |
| Inst. | sairinē | sairōnē | sairinē | sairammiz | sairōmiz | sairammiz |
Descendants
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*sair (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*sēr (Old Dutch)
-
sêer (Middle Dutch)
-
zeer (Dutch)
- seer (Afrikaans)
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zeer (Dutch)
-
sêer (Middle Dutch)
-
*sēr (Old Dutch)
-
*sair (Proto-West Germanic)
-
sār (Old English)
-
sore, sar, sor (Middle English)
- sore (English)
- sare, sair (Scots)
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sore, sar, sor (Middle English)
-
sār (Old English)
-
*sair (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*sēr, *sār (Old Frisian)
- seer (Saterland Frisian)
- sear (West Frisian)
-
*sēr, *sār (Old Frisian)
-
*sair (Proto-West Germanic)
-
sēr (Old High German)
-
sēr (Middle High German)
- seer (Alemannic German)
- sehr (German)
- séier (Luxembourgish)
- זייער (zeyer) (Yiddish)
-
sēr (Middle High German)
-
sēr (Old High German)
-
*sair (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*sēr (Old Saxon)
-
sēr (Middle Low German)
- sehr (Low German)
-
sēr (Middle Low German)
-
*sēr (Old Saxon)
-
sárr (Old Norse)
- sárur (Faroese)
- sár (Icelandic)
- sår (Norn)
- sår (Norwegian)
-
sárr (Old Norse)
-
sār, saar (Old Danish)
- sår (Danish)
-
sār, saar (Old Danish)
-
sárr (Old Norse)
-
sar (Old Gutnish)
- sarur, sårur (Gutnish)
-
sar (Old Gutnish)
-
sárr (Old Norse)
-
sār (Old Swedish)
- sår (Swedish)
-
sār (Old Swedish)
- *sājrē (Proto-Samic)
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*sairas (Proto-Finnic)
-
sairas (Finnish)
- šairas (Karelian)
- sairõz (Votic)
-
sairas (Finnish)