*seuþaną
Runic: ᛊᛖᚢᚦᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈseu̯.θɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 2
Meanings
to seethe; boil
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt- (‘to move about, roil, seethe’), perhaps a t-extension of *(h)sew- (‘to burn’), for which see *swīþaną (‘to burn, ache’) for more. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šutiti (‘to joke, jest’), Lithuanian siaũsti (‘to play, rage’), Ancient Greek ἀϋτμή (aütmḗ) (aütmḗ, ‘breath, scent’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | seuþō | seuþaų | – |
| 2nd singular | siuþizi | seuþaiz | seuþ |
| 3rd singular | siuþidi | seuþai | seuþadau |
| 1st dual | seuþōz | seuþaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | seuþadiz | seuþaidiz | seuþadiz |
| 1st plural | seuþamaz | seuþaim | – |
| 2nd plural | siuþid | seuþaid | siuþid |
| 3rd plural | seuþandi | seuþain | seuþandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | seuþai | – |
| 2nd singular | seuþazai | seuþaizau |
| 3rd singular | seuþadai | seuþaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | seuþandai | seuþaindau |
| 2nd plural | seuþandai | seuþaindau |
| 3rd plural | seuþandai | seuþaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | sauþ | sudį̄ |
| 2nd singular | saust | sudīz |
| 3rd singular | sauþ | sudī |
| 1st dual | sudū | sudīw |
| 2nd dual | sududiz | sudīdiz |
| 1st plural | sudum | sudīm |
| 2nd plural | sudud | sudīd |
| 3rd plural | sudun | sudīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| seuþaną | seuþandz | sudanaz |
Descendants
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*seuþan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*siethan (Old Dutch)
-
sieden (Middle Dutch)
- zieden (Dutch)
-
sieden (Middle Dutch)
-
*siethan (Old Dutch)
-
*seuþan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
sēoþan (Old English)
-
sethen (Middle English)
- seethe (English)
- seth, seith (Scots)
-
sethen (Middle English)
-
sēoþan (Old English)
-
*seuþan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
siāþa, siātha (Old Frisian)
- sjoode (Saterland Frisian)
- sjiedden, siede (West Frisian)
-
siāþa, siātha (Old Frisian)
-
*seuþan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
siodan (Old High German)
-
sieden (Middle High German)
- siadn (Bavarian)
- sieden (German)
- sueden (Luxembourgish)
-
sieden (Middle High German)
-
siodan (Old High German)
-
*seuþan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*siothan (Old Saxon)
-
sêden (Middle Low German)
- seden (Low German)
-
sêden (Middle Low German)
-
*siothan (Old Saxon)
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sjóða (Old Norse)
- sjóða (Faroese)
- sjóða (Icelandic)
- syde (Norwegian)
-
sjóða (Old Norse)
-
siuthæ, sythæ (Old Danish)
- syde (Danish)
-
siuthæ, sythæ (Old Danish)
-
sjóða (Old Norse)
-
siūþa (Old Swedish)
- sjuda (Swedish)
-
siūþa (Old Swedish)