*sturnāną
Runic: ᛊᛏᚢᚱᚾᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈstur.nɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
- to be stiff, be rigid
- to stand out
- to stare
Etymology
Kroonen suggests that this verb could be nasal infix present to Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (‘to be stiff’).
The infix caused a consonant alternation in the root, the singular *str-néh₁-ti would result in a root with *sturr-.
Whereas the plural *str-nh₁-énti would result in a root with *sturn-.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | sturnō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | sturnaisi | – | sturnai |
| 3rd singular | sturnaiþi | – | sturnāþau |
| 1st dual | sturnōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | sturnāþiz | – | sturnāþiz |
| 1st plural | sturnāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | sturnaiþ | – | sturnaiþ |
| 3rd plural | sturnānþi | – | sturnānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | sturnāsai | – |
| 3rd singular | sturnāþai | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | sturnānþai | – |
| 2nd plural | sturnānþai | – |
| 3rd plural | sturnānþai | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | sturnadǭ | sturnadēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | sturnadēz | sturnadēdīz |
| 3rd singular | sturnadē | sturnadēdī |
| 1st dual | sturnadēdū | sturnadēdīw |
| 2nd dual | sturnadēdudiz | sturnadēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | sturnadēdum | sturnadēdīm |
| 2nd plural | sturnadēdud | sturnadēdīd |
| 3rd plural | sturnadēdun | sturnadēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| sturnāną | sturnāndz, sturrāndz | sturnadaz, sturradaz |
Descendants
-
*storrēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
storrēn, stornēn (Old High German)
- storren (Middle High German)
-
storrēn, stornēn (Old High German)
-
*stornēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
storrēn, stornēn (Old High German)
- storren (Middle High German)
-
storrēn, stornēn (Old High German)
-
*𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*staurran) (Gothic)
- 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (andstaurran) (Gothic)