*sumaraz

Runic: ᛊᚢᛗᚨᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈsu.mɑ.rɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

summer

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-, (cf. Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn, ‘summer’)), an oblique r-stem based on *s(e)m-eh₂- (‘summer, year’) (cf. Tocharian A ṣme, ṣmāye, Sanskrit समा (sámā) (sámā, ‘season, year’), thematicized differently in Proto-Celtic *samos, Old Armenian ամ (am, ‘year’)).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	sumaraz	sumarōz, sumarōs
Acc.	sumarą	sumaranz
Gen.	sumaras, sumaris	sumarǫ̂
Dat.	sumarai	sumaramaz
Inst.	sumarō	sumaramiz
Voc.	sumar	sumarōz, sumarōs

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Descendants

*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumar (Old Dutch)
  - sōmer (Middle Dutch)
    - zómmer (Limburgish)
    - zommer (West Flemish)
*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumar (Old Dutch)
  - sōmer (Middle Dutch)
    - zomer (Dutch)
      - somer (Afrikaans)
*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumor, sumer, sumur (Old English)
  - sumer, somer (Middle English)
    - summer (English)
    - somer, sumer, simmer, simer (Scots)
    - zimmer, zummer (Yola)
*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumur, sumer (Old Frisian)
  - ? (North Frisian)
  - Suumer (Saterland Frisian)
  - simmer (West Frisian)
*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumar (Old High German)
  - sumer (Middle High German)
    - Sommer (German)
    - Sommer (Hunsrik)
    - Summer (Luxembourgish)
    - summer (Mòcheno)
    - Summer (Silesian East Central German)
    - zumer (Vilamovian)
    - זומער (zumer) (Yiddish)
*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumar (Old Saxon)
  - somer, sommer (Middle Low German)
    - Somma (Plautdietsch)
*sumar (Proto-West Germanic)
- sumar (Old Saxon)
  - somer, sommer (Middle Low German)
    - Sommer (Low German)
      - Summer, Sommer, Sömmer (German Low German)
        
        ? (Westphalian)
sumar (Old Norse)
- såmår (Elfdalian)
- summar (Faroese)
- summar (Gutnish)
- sumar (Icelandic)
- somarr, samarr (Jamtish)
- sommer (Norn)
- sumar (Norwegian Nynorsk)
sumar (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sǫmmar (Scanian)
sumar (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sommer (Danish)
    - sommer (Norwegian Bokmål)
sumar (Old Norse)
- somar, sumar (Old Swedish)
  - sommar (Swedish)
sumarr (Old Norse)
- såmår (Elfdalian)
- summar (Faroese)
- summar (Gutnish)
- sumar (Icelandic)
- somarr, samarr (Jamtish)
- sommer (Norn)
- sumar (Norwegian Nynorsk)
sumarr (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sǫmmar (Scanian)
sumarr (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sommer (Danish)
    - sommer (Norwegian Bokmål)
sumarr (Old Norse)
- somar, sumar (Old Swedish)
  - sommar (Swedish)
somar (Old Norse)
- såmår (Elfdalian)
- summar (Faroese)
- summar (Gutnish)
- sumar (Icelandic)
- somarr, samarr (Jamtish)
- sommer (Norn)
- sumar (Norwegian Nynorsk)
somar (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sǫmmar (Scanian)
somar (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sommer (Danish)
    - sommer (Norwegian Bokmål)
somar (Old Norse)
- somar, sumar (Old Swedish)
  - sommar (Swedish)
somarr (Old Norse)
- såmår (Elfdalian)
- summar (Faroese)
- summar (Gutnish)
- sumar (Icelandic)
- somarr, samarr (Jamtish)
- sommer (Norn)
- sumar (Norwegian Nynorsk)
somarr (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sǫmmar (Scanian)
somarr (Old Norse)
- somær, sumær (Old Danish)
  - sommer (Danish)
    - sommer (Norwegian Bokmål)
somarr (Old Norse)
- somar, sumar (Old Swedish)
  - sommar (Swedish)

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