*swīþaną
Runic: ᛊᚹᛁᚦᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈswiː.θɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 1
Meanings
to burn, singe
Etymology
Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *swey- (‘to burn’), which could be an extension of *sew- (‘to braise’). Compare Avestan 𐬒𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (x́vaēna) (x́vaēna, ‘red-hot, glowing’), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)swoy-no-.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swīþō | swīþaų | – |
| 2nd singular | swīþizi | swīþaiz | swīþ |
| 3rd singular | swīþidi | swīþai | swīþadau |
| 1st dual | swīþōz | swīþaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | swīþadiz | swīþaidiz | swīþadiz |
| 1st plural | swīþamaz | swīþaim | – |
| 2nd plural | swīþid | swīþaid | swīþid |
| 3rd plural | swīþandi | swīþain | swīþandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swīþai | – |
| 2nd singular | swīþazai | swīþaizau |
| 3rd singular | swīþadai | swīþaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | swīþandai | swīþaindau |
| 2nd plural | swīþandai | swīþaindau |
| 3rd plural | swīþandai | swīþaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | swaiþ | swidį̄ |
| 2nd singular | swaist | swidīz |
| 3rd singular | swaiþ | swidī |
| 1st dual | swidū | swidīw |
| 2nd dual | swidudiz | swidīdiz |
| 1st plural | swidum | swidīm |
| 2nd plural | swidud | swidīd |
| 3rd plural | swidun | swidīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| swīþaną | swīþandz | swidanaz |
Descendants
-
*swīþan (Proto-West Germanic)
- swīdan (Old High German)
-
svíða (Old Norse)
- svide (Danish)
- swaiða (Elfdalian)
- svíða (Faroese)
- svíða (Icelandic)
- svida, svi (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
svíða (Old Norse)
-
svīþa (Old Swedish)
- svida (Swedish)
-
svīþa (Old Swedish)