*wesaną¹
Runic: ᚹᛖᛊᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈwe.sɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Irregular
Meanings
- to be
- to remain
- to exist
Etymology
From two different Proto-Indo-European roots:
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | immi | sijǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | izi | sijēs | wes |
| 3rd singular | isti | sijē | wesadau |
| 1st dual | izū | sīw | – |
| 2nd dual | izudiz | sīþiz | wesadiz |
| 1st plural | izum | sīm | – |
| 2nd plural | izud | sīþ | wisid |
| 3rd plural | sindi | sīn | wesandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | was | wēzį̄ |
| 2nd singular | wast | wēzīz |
| 3rd singular | was | wēzī |
| 1st dual | wēzū | wēzīw |
| 2nd dual | wēzudiz | wēzīdiz |
| 1st plural | wēzum | wēzīm |
| 2nd plural | wēzud | wēzīd |
| 3rd plural | wēzun | wēzīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| wesaną | wesandz | - |
Descendants
-
*wesan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
wesan, weson (Old Dutch)
-
wēsen (Middle Dutch)
- waeze (Limburgish)
-
wēsen (Middle Dutch)
-
wesan, weson (Old Dutch)
-
*wesan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
wesan, weson (Old Dutch)
-
wēsen (Middle Dutch)
-
wezen (Dutch)
- wees (Afrikaans)
- wêze (Jersey Dutch)
- wees, wis (Negerhollands)
-
wezen (Dutch)
-
wēsen (Middle Dutch)
-
wesan, weson (Old Dutch)
-
*wesan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
wesan (Old English)
- wesen (Middle English)
-
wesan (Old English)
-
*wesan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
wēsa (Old Frisian)
- ? (North Frisian)
- weze (Saterland Frisian)
- wêze (West Frisian)
-
wēsa (Old Frisian)
-
*wesan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
wesan (Old High German)
- wësen (Middle High German)
-
wesan (Old High German)
-
*wesan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
wesan (Old Saxon)
-
wēsen, sîn (Middle Low German)
- waen (Dutch Low Saxon)
- wesen, ween (German Low German)
-
wēsen, sîn (Middle Low German)
-
wesan (Old Saxon)
-
? (Proto-Norse)
- vesa (Old Norse)
-
? (Proto-Norse)
-
vera (Old Norse)
- wårå (Elfdalian)
- vera (Faroese)
- vera (Icelandic)
- vara, ve (Jamtish)
- vera, vè, vårå, vørå, vørrø, vara, va (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- wara (Old Gutnish)
-
vera (Old Norse)
-
? (Proto-Norse)
-
vera (Old Norse)
-
wæræ, waræ (Old Danish)
-
være (Danish)
- være (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
være (Danish)
-
wæræ, waræ (Old Danish)
-
vera (Old Norse)
-
? (Proto-Norse)
-
vera (Old Norse)
-
vara, væra, væræ (Old Swedish)
- vara (Swedish)
-
vara, væra, væræ (Old Swedish)
-
vera (Old Norse)
- 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (wisan) (Gothic)