*þerbaz

Runic: ᚦᛖᚱᛒᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈθer.βɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

unleavened (of bread)
fresh (of liquid)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (‘to be stiff’). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (‘to stiffen’), Latin torpeō (‘to be stiff’), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti) (trupeti, ‘to suffer’).

Older theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (‘rigid; stiff; restricted; tight’), from *(s)ter- (‘stiff’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	þerbaz	þerbō	þerbą, -atō	þerbai	þerbôz	þerbō
Acc.	þerbanǭ	þerbǭ	þerbą, -atō	þerbanz	þerbōz	þerbō
Gen.	þerbas, -is	þerbaizōz	þerbas, -is	þerbaizǫ̂	þerbaizǫ̂	þerbaizǫ̂
Dat.	þerbammai	þerbaizōi	þerbammai	þerbaimaz	þerbaimaz	þerbaimaz
Inst.	þerbanō	þerbaizō	þerbanō	þerbaimiz	þerbaimiz	þerbaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	þerbô	þerbǭ	þerbô	þerbaniz	þerbōniz	þerbōnō
Acc.	þerbanų	þerbōnų	þerbô	þerbanunz	þerbōnunz	þerbōnō
Gen.	þerbiniz	þerbōniz	þerbiniz	þerbanǫ̂	þerbōnǫ̂	þerbanǫ̂
Dat.	þerbini	þerbōni	þerbini	þerbammaz	þerbōmaz	þerbammaz
Inst.	þerbinē	þerbōnē	þerbinē	þerbammiz	þerbōmiz	þerbammiz

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Descendants

þeorf (Old English)
- therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Middle English)
  - tharf (English)
  - tharf, therf (Scots)
þorof (Old English)
- therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Middle English)
  - tharf (English)
  - tharf, therf (Scots)
therf (Old Frisian)
- terew, serew (North Frisian)
derf (Old Frisian)
- terew, serew (North Frisian)
therve (Old Frisian)
- terew, serew (North Frisian)
derve (Old Frisian)
- terew, serew (North Frisian)
thervi (Old Saxon)
- derve (Middle Low German)
tharvi (Old Saxon)
- derve (Middle Low German)
*therf (Old Dutch)
- derf (Middle Dutch)
  - derf (Dutch)
derb (Old High German)
- derp (Middle High German)
  - derb (German)
derp (Old High German)
- derp (Middle High German)
  - derb (German)
þjarfr (Old Norse)
- þjarfur (Icelandic)
- tjerv (Norwegian Bokmål)
- tjerv (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- kärv (Swedish)

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