*þrukkijaną

Runic: ᚦᚱᚢᚲᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈθruk.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

to press on
to crowd

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *trewk- (‘to press on and break’); cognates outside of Germanic include Welsh trychu (‘to cut’), Lithuanian trū́kti (‘to tear into pieces, burst’), trùkti (‘to last, continue’). Other theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (‘to rub, bore, twist’).

Has been suggested as the origin of Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre, but this appears unlikely.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	þrukkijō	þrukkijaų	–
2nd singular	þrukkīsi	þrukkijais	þrukkī
3rd singular	þrukkīþi	þrukkijai	þrukkijaþau
1st dual	þrukkijōs	þrukkijaiw	–
2nd dual	þrukkijaþiz	þrukkijaiþiz	þrukkijaþiz
1st plural	þrukkijamaz	þrukkijaim	–
2nd plural	þrukkīþ	þrukkijaiþ	þrukkīþ
3rd plural	þrukkijanþi	þrukkijain	þrukkijanþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	þrukkijai	–
2nd singular	þrukkijasai	þrukkijaisau
3rd singular	þrukkijaþai	þrukkijaiþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	þrukkijanþai	þrukkijainþau
2nd plural	þrukkijanþai	þrukkijainþau
3rd plural	þrukkijanþai	þrukkijainþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	þrukkidǭ	þrukkidēdį̄
2nd singular	þrukkidēz	þrukkidēdīz
3rd singular	þrukkidē	þrukkidēdī
1st dual	þrukkidēdū	þrukkidēdīw
2nd dual	þrukkidēdudiz	þrukkidēdīdiz
1st plural	þrukkidēdum	þrukkidēdīm
2nd plural	þrukkidēdud	þrukkidēdīd
3rd plural	þrukkidēdun	þrukkidēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
þrukkijaną	þrukkijandz	þrukkidaz

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Descendants

*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *thrucken (Old Dutch)
  - drucken (Middle Dutch)
    - drókke, drökke (Limburgish)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *thrucken (Old Dutch)
  - drucken (Middle Dutch)
    - drukken (Dutch)
      - druk (Afrikaans)
      - nggedrig (Caribbean Javanese)
      - drùk, druk (Papiamentu)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- þryċċan (Old English)
  - *threkken, threken (Middle English)
    - thrack (English)
    - thratch, thrack (Scots)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- þryċċan (Old English)
  - thrucchen, thrycchen, thricchen (Middle English)
    - thrutch (English)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- thretza, thrikka (Old Frisian)
  - druwckjen, drukke (West Frisian)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- drucchen, drukken, drucchan (Old High German)
  - drücken, drucken (Middle High German)
    - druckn (Bavarian)
    - drukhan (Cimbrian)
    - drécken (Luxembourgish)
    - דריקן (drikn) (Yiddish)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- drucchen, drukken, drucchan (Old High German)
  - drücken, drucken (Middle High German)
    - drücken, drucken (German)
      - druché (Ladin)
      - drucken (Low German)
      - דרוקן (drukn) (Yiddish)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- drucchen, drukken, drucchan (Old High German)
  - drücken, drucken (Middle High German)
    - drücken, drucken (German)
      - drukować (Polish)
        
        друкава́ць (drukavácʹ) (Belarusian)
        
        друкува́ти (drukuváty) (Ukrainian)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- thrukkian (Old Saxon)
  - drukke (West Frisian)
*þrukkijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- thrukkian (Old Saxon)
  - drücken (Middle Low German)
    - drücken (German Low German)
þrykkja (Old Norse)
- trykkja (Faroese)
- þrykkja (Icelandic)
- trykkja (Norwegian Nynorsk)
þrykkja (Old Norse)
- thrykiæ (Old Danish)
  - trykke (Danish)
þrykkja (Old Norse)
- thrykiæ (Old Danish)
  - trykke (Norwegian Bokmål)
    - trykka (Norwegian Nynorsk)
þrykkja (Old Norse)
- þrykkia (Old Swedish)
  - trycka (Swedish)

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