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*bautaną
verb · Strong class 7b · /ˈbɑu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to beat, knock, bump, push
“……rike, beat’ (perhaps *bʰowd-néh₂- / *bʰow-t-néh₂-, from *bʰewd- ~ *bʰew-t-, ‘to strike, beat’); the geminate is explained by Kluge’s Law, with later shortening after the diphthong *au. Compare Latin fūtō ‘to strike’, fūstis ‘club’, though the extra-G……”
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*flataz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸlɑ.tɑz/
flat
“……(2013) derivation from *pleth₂- (‘to spread, extend; flat’) requires a pre-Germanic geminate, **plottos < *ploth₂-nó-s (via Kluge's law) that is later degeminated (a non-geminate derivation from this root would provide the wrong final consonant, -þ)……”
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*-ukaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · a-stem · /u.kɑz/
forms masculine diminutive, hypocoristic, or affective nouns, especially names of animals, plants, young creatures, and…
“…Uncertain. It likely continues either pre-Germanic *-ug-o-s or a degeminated velar *-k- < *-kk- formation (either via Kluge’s Law or “expressive gemination”). Parallel formations include *-akaz and *-ikaz. Kluge Kluge 1899 notes the diminutive……”
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*buttaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbut.tɑz/
end; piece
“……nd Latin fundus (‘bottom; farm; ground; foundation’), resulting in a Proto-Germanic paradigm of *budm-, *butt- (the -tt- via Kluge’s Law). He also suggests that the root was metathesized from *dʰewbʰ-/*dʰubʰ- (‘hazy, unclear dark; deep’). Other cogna……”
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*butmaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbut.mɑz/
bottom; foundation
“……d Latin fundus (‘bottom; farm; ground; foundation’), resulting in a Proto-Germanic paradigm of *budm-, *butt-, (the -tt- via Kluge’s Law), which then gave rise to other variants in: *budm-, *butm-. He also suggests that the root was metathesized from……”
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*-umnijō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /um.ni.jɔː/
forms abstract, result, and state nouns, usually from verbs or from bases already associated with *men-stem nominal…
“……ermanic *witumnijō < pre-Gmc *wid-m̥n-yéh₂ beside Sanskrit वि॒द्मन्, from PIE root *weyd-, and comparable *-men- formations Kluge 1899 Krahe & Meid 1969 Johnsen 2005a Kroonen 2011a Wodtko et al. 2008.…”
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*dwergaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈdwer.ɣɑz/
dwarf
“……ginally proposed by (he proposed a possible **dwezgo- origin in his earliest dictionary editions but soon rejected them, see Kluge 1884) and revived by Liberman 2016, attempts to trace the lemma back to a pre-Germanic voiceless cluster **dʰwes-k-(ext……”
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*-ô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /ɔːː/
like English “-er”; forms masculine agent and personal nouns, often from the zero-grade of the base, with the sense…
“……ifically in the alternation *-ô ~ *-an- ~ *-in-. When the zero-grade *-n- occurred immediately after a root-final obstruent, Kluge's Law may have resulted in consonant gradation, which has made it more difficult to see the original paradigm Kroonen 2……”