*ainagaz
Runic: ᚨᛁᚾᚨᚷᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.nɑ.ɣɑz/adjective · a-stem
Meanings
only, sole; singular, unique
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁oyno-kó-s, a derivative of *h₁óy-no-s with the adjectival suffix *-ko-s (Klein et al. 2017: 777–78; Kroonen 2013: s.v. *aina-; Ringe 2017: 229, 318). Within Proto-Germanic it was reanalyzed as *ainaz + *-agaz /*-gaz, with *-g- reflecting Verner voicing of suffixal *-k- in an originally suffix-accented formation. Compare Latin ūnicus ( < ūnus + -icus), a close Italic parallel from the same *h₁óy-no-s base (de Vaan 2008: s.v. ūnus; Torp 1909: 11; Mallory & Adams 1997: 398–99; Onions 1996: s.v. any).
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ainagaz | ainagō | ainagą, -atō | ainagai | ainagôz | ainagō |
| Acc. | ainaganǭ | ainagǭ | ainagą, -atō | ainaganz | ainagōz | ainagō |
| Gen. | ainagas, -is | ainagaizōz | ainagas, -is | ainagaizǫ̂ | ainagaizǫ̂ | ainagaizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | ainagammai | ainagaizōi | ainagammai | ainagaimaz | ainagaimaz | ainagaimaz |
| Inst. | ainaganō | ainagaizō | ainaganō | ainagaimiz | ainagaimiz | ainagaimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ainagô | ainagǭ | ainagô | ainaganiz | ainagōniz | ainagōnō |
| Acc. | ainaganų | ainagōnų | ainagô | ainaganunz | ainagōnunz | ainagōnō |
| Gen. | ainaginiz | ainagōniz | ainaginiz | ainaganǫ̂ | ainagōnǫ̂ | ainaganǫ̂ |
| Dat. | ainagini | ainagōni | ainagini | ainagammaz | ainagōmaz | ainagammaz |
| Inst. | ainaginē | ainagōnē | ainaginē | ainagammiz | ainagōmiz | ainagammiz |
Descendants
-
*ainag, *ainīg (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēnag, *einag, einigh (Old Dutch)
-
enech (Middle Dutch)
-
enig (Dutch)
- enig (Afrikaans)
-
enig (Dutch)
-
enech (Middle Dutch)
-
ēnag, *einag, einigh (Old Dutch)
-
*ainag, *ainīg (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*āneġ, ǣneġ, āniġ, ǣniġ, āni, ānga, ǣnga, ēnga, ǣnġe (Old English)
-
aniȝ, eani, ony, eny, any (Middle English)
- any (English)
- eny, ony, onie (Scots)
-
aniȝ, eani, ony, eny, any (Middle English)
-
*āneġ, ǣneġ, āniġ, ǣniġ, āni, ānga, ǣnga, ēnga, ǣnġe (Old English)
-
*ainag, *ainīg (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēnig, ēnich, *ānig, ēng, āng (Old Frisian)
- enig (Saterland Frisian)
- ienich (West Frisian)
-
ēnig, ēnich, *ānig, ēng, āng (Old Frisian)
-
*ainag, *ainīg (Proto-West Germanic)
-
einag, einac, einīg (Old High German)
-
eineg, einec, einic (Middle High German)
- einig (German)
-
eineg, einec, einic (Middle High German)
-
einag, einac, einīg (Old High German)
-
*ainag, *ainīg (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēnag, ēnig (Old Saxon)
-
ênich (Middle Low German)
- enig (Danish)
- enig (Low German)
- enig (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
ênich (Middle Low German)
-
ēnag, ēnig (Old Saxon)
-
einga, einigr (Old Norse)
- einigur (Faroese)
- einigur (Icelandic)
-
einga, einigr (Old Norse)
-
enigh (Old Swedish)
- enig (Swedish)
-
enigh (Old Swedish)
- 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (ainahs) (Gothic)
- *ainaga (Proto-Finnic)