*ainaz

Runic: ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.nɑz/

numeral

Meanings

  1. one
  2. some

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óy-no-s, or more structurally *h₁oy- (‘single, isolated, individual’) + *-no- (forms nominals), though Dunkel (2014: 588–89, 591) reconstructs the base without an initial laryngeal as *ói- and treats *óy-no- as an exclusive ‘single one’ formation, later generalized as the ordinary numeral in Italic, Celtic, Germanic, and Balto-Slavic (Kroonen 2013: 11; Ringe 2017: 66, 229, 318). Cognates include Old Latin oinos > Latin ūnus, Proto-Celtic *oinos > Old Irish óen, óin and Middle Welsh un, Proto-Albanian *aina- > Albanian një, Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua-), and Old Persian aiva-, Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), while Sanskrit एक (éka) continues a parallel *h₁óy-ko- derivative; Baltic and Slavic forms are renewed, as in Lithuanian víenas, Latvian viens < *we-ino- and Old Church Slavonic jedinŭ < *ed-eino- (Beekes 2010: 1058, 1060; de Vaan 2008: 642; Derksen 2008: 138–39; Derksen 2015: 501; Dunkel 2014: 587–91; Matasović 2009a: 304–305). Related to *ainagaz, *ainahô, *aināną, *ainōną, *ainalif, and the many *aina- compounds.

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Descendants

  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ēn (Old Dutch)
      • êen (Middle Dutch)
        • ein (Limburgish)
        • ien, jin (West Flemish)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ēn (Old Dutch)
      • êen (Middle Dutch)
        • een (Dutch)
          • een, 'n (Afrikaans)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ān (Old English)
      • on, oon, one, oen, oune, hon, none, an, anne, onne, ane, auen, aune, enne, onen, onenen, en, won, von, wone (Middle English)
        • one, an, a, yan, un, on (English)
        • ane, wan, yin, ae (Scots)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ēn, ān, een (Old Frisian)
      • aan, een (Saterland Frisian)
      • ien (West Frisian)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ein, ain (Old High German)
      • ein (Middle High German)
        • ain, äin, a, an, en (Alemannic German)
        • a (Bavarian)
        • ä, e (East Central German)
        • ein (German)
        • e (Rhine Franconian)
        • איין (eyn), אַ (a), אַן (an) (Yiddish)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ein, ain (Old High German)
      • ein (Middle High German)
        • een, ein, ään (Central Franconian)
          • een (Luxembourgish)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ēn (Old Saxon)
      • ên, ein (Middle Low German)
        • een (Plautdietsch)
  • *ain (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ēn (Old Saxon)
      • ên, ein (Middle Low German)
        • ein, en, een (Low German)
  • *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalaibaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
  • *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • einn (Old Norse)
      • ein (Faroese)
      • einn (Icelandic)
      • en (Norn)
      • ein (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • einn (Old Norse)
      • en, æn (Old Danish)
        • en (Danish)
          • en (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
    • einn (Old Norse)
      • ēn (Old Swedish)
        • en (Swedish)
  • 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains) (Gothic)

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