*andastandaną
Runic: ᚨᚾᛞᚨᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˌɑn.dɑ.ˈstɑn.dɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 6
Meanings
- to stand against, oppose
- to withstand, resist
Etymology
From *anda- + *standaną. The formation is directly continued by Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andstandan), used to translate Ancient Greek ἀνθίστασθαι (anthístasthai) at Matthew 5:39 (Lehmann 1986a: 323; Seebold 1970: 460). Cognate formations occur in West germanic, though several reflexes later developed meanings such as ‘arise’ or ‘understand’.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | andastandō | andastandaų | – |
| 2nd singular | andastandizi | andastandaiz | andastand |
| 3rd singular | andastandidi | andastandai | andastandadau |
| 1st dual | andastandōz | andastandaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | andastandadiz | andastandaidiz | andastandadiz |
| 1st plural | andastandamaz | andastandaim | – |
| 2nd plural | andastandid | andastandaid | andastandid |
| 3rd plural | andastandandi | andastandain | andastandandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | andastandai | – |
| 2nd singular | andastandazai | andastandaizau |
| 3rd singular | andastandadai | andastandaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | andastandandai | andastandaindau |
| 2nd plural | andastandandai | andastandaindau |
| 3rd plural | andastandandai | andastandaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | andastōþ | andastōdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | andastōandast | andastōdīz |
| 3rd singular | andastōþ | andastōdī |
| 1st dual | andastōdū | andastōdīw |
| 2nd dual | andastōdudiz | andastōdīdiz |
| 1st plural | andastōdum | andastōdīm |
| 2nd plural | andastōdud | andastōdīd |
| 3rd plural | andastōdun | andastōdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| andastandaną | andastandandz | andastadanaz |
Descendants
-
*andastandan (Proto-West Germanic)
- undstanda, undstonda, andstanda, andstonda (Old Frisian)
- andstandan, antstandan (Old Saxon)
-
*andastandan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*antstandan (Old Dutch)
- ontstanden (Middle Dutch)
-
*antstandan (Old Dutch)
-
*andastandan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
intstantan (Old High German)
-
*intstantunga (Old High German)
- entstandunge (Middle High German)
-
*intstantunga (Old High German)
-
intstantan (Old High German)
- 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andstandan) (Gothic)