*atjaną¹
Runic: ᚨᛏᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to incite, provoke, or urge into conflict
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European causative *h₃od-éye/o-, formed with the o-grade of root *h₃ed-. The sense is continued by Old Norse etja and prefixed Old High German anazzen (Kroonen 2013: 39; Rix et al. 2001: 296). Root cognates include Latin ōdī, an inherited perfect with present meaning, and Old Armenian ատեամ (ateam); compare Ancient Greek ὀδύσ(σ)ασθαι (odýssasthai), whose formation is less transparent (Beekes 2010: 1048; de Vaan 2008: 425; Olsen 1999: 731). Distinct from homonymous *atjaną², from *h₁ed-. Probably related to *atalaz.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | atjō | atjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | atisi | atjais | ati |
| 3rd singular | atiþi | atjai | atjaþau |
| 1st dual | atjōs | atjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | atjaþiz | atjaiþiz | atjaþiz |
| 1st plural | atjamaz | atjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | atiþ | atjaiþ | atiþ |
| 3rd plural | atjanþi | atjain | atjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | atjai | – |
| 2nd singular | atjasai | atjaisau |
| 3rd singular | atjaþai | atjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | atjanþai | atjainþau |
| 2nd plural | atjanþai | atjainþau |
| 3rd plural | atjanþai | atjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | atidǭ | atidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | atidēz | atidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | atidē | atidēdī |
| 1st dual | atidēdū | atidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | atidēdudiz | atidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | atidēdum | atidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | atidēdud | atidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | atidēdun | atidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| atjaną | atjandz | atidaz |
Descendants
-
*anattjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- anazzen (Old High German)
-
etja (Old Norse)
- etja (Icelandic)