*augnijaną
Runic: ᚨᚢᚷᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯ɣ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to show, to display
- to watch, to peer
Etymology
An uncertain reconstruction based on later nasal derivatives of *augô. Torp (1909: 5) reconstructs *augnian (standardized *augnijaną) beside *augian (standardized *augijaną), chiefly on the basis of Norwegian dialectal øygna and Middle High German ougenen; Orel (2003: 28) subsequently reconstructs *aug(a)njanan (standardized *aug(a)nijaną). Kroonen (2013: 41) instead proposes *augenjan- (standardized *augenijaną), formed from the weak stem of *augô. The forms may represent parallel later formations rather than a single inherited Proto-Germanic verb: Old High German ouginōn is Weak class 2, and the comparable North Germanic verbs are not attested in Old Norse (Pons-Sanz 2024: 110). The precise Proto-Germanic form and weak class are therefore uncertain and may have been independent secondary developments.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | augnijō | augnijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | augnīsi | augnijais | augnī |
| 3rd singular | augnīþi | augnijai | augnijaþau |
| 1st dual | augnijōs | augnijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | augnijaþiz | augnijaiþiz | augnijaþiz |
| 1st plural | augnijamaz | augnijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | augnīþ | augnijaiþ | augnīþ |
| 3rd plural | augnijanþi | augnijain | augnijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | augnijai | – |
| 2nd singular | augnijasai | augnijaisau |
| 3rd singular | augnijaþai | augnijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | augnijanþai | augnijainþau |
| 2nd plural | augnijanþai | augnijainþau |
| 3rd plural | augnijanþai | augnijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | augnidǭ | augnidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | augnidēz | augnidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | augnidē | augnidēdī |
| 1st dual | augnidēdū | augnidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | augnidēdudiz | augnidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | augnidēdum | augnidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | augnidēdud | augnidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | augnidēdun | augnidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| augnijaną | augnijandz | augnidaz |
Descendants
-
*augnijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ouganen (Old High German)
-
ougenen, öugenen (Middle High German)
- äugnen (German)
-
ougenen, öugenen (Middle High German)
-
*ouganen (Old High German)
-
*eygna (Old Norse)
- øjne (Danish)
- ögna (Swedish)
-
*eygna (Old Norse)
- øygne, øygna, augne, augna (Norwegian Nynorsk)