*augijaną
Runic: ᚨᚢᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to show, display; cause to see
Etymology
Probably from *augô + *-(i)janą¹, a Weak class 1 denominal verb, with the sense ‘make visible, bring to attention’ > ‘show’. Kroonen (2013: 41) and Orel (Orel 2003: 28) explicitly derive *augijaną from the noun; Kroonen further analyzes doublet *augnijaną as a secondary formation to the nasal weak stem of the n-stem noun. The nominal base belongs to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-, with cognates including Latin oculus, Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi), Old Armenian ակն (akn), and Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse) (Pronk 2015: 329–30; Wodtko et al. 2008: 370–73).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | augijō | augijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | augīsi | augijais | augī |
| 3rd singular | augīþi | augijai | augijaþau |
| 1st dual | augijōs | augijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | augijaþiz | augijaiþiz | augijaþiz |
| 1st plural | augijamaz | augijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | augīþ | augijaiþ | augīþ |
| 3rd plural | augijanþi | augijain | augijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | augijai | – |
| 2nd singular | augijasai | augijaisau |
| 3rd singular | augijaþai | augijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | augijanþai | augijainþau |
| 2nd plural | augijanþai | augijainþau |
| 3rd plural | augijanþai | augijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | augidǭ | augidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | augidēz | augidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | augidē | augidēdī |
| 1st dual | augidēdū | augidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | augidēdudiz | augidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | augidēdum | augidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | augidēdud | augidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | augidēdun | augidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| augijaną | augijandz | augidaz |
Descendants
-
*augijan, *auwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēowan, īewan, īwan, ȳwan (Old English)
- āuwa, āwa (Old Frisian)
-
*augijan, *auwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ōgen (Old Dutch)
-
ôgen (Middle Dutch)
- ogen (Dutch)
-
ôgen (Middle Dutch)
-
ōgen (Old Dutch)
-
*augijan, *auwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ougen (Old High German)
-
öugen, ougen (Middle High German)
- äugen (German)
-
öugen, ougen (Middle High German)
-
ougen (Old High German)
-
*augijan, *auwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ōgian (Old Saxon)
-
ö̂gen, öugen (Middle Low German)
- ögen (Low German)
-
ö̂gen, öugen (Middle Low German)
-
ōgian (Old Saxon)
-
*augijan, *auwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ōgian (Old Saxon)
-
ö̂gen, öugen (Middle Low German)
-
ö̂gelen (Middle Low German)
- ogle (English)
- ögeln (Low German)
-
ö̂gelen (Middle Low German)
-
ö̂gen, öugen (Middle Low German)
-
ōgian (Old Saxon)
-
eygja (Old Norse)
- eygja (Icelandic)
- øygja, øygje (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- ø̄ghia (Old Swedish)
- 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (augjan) (Gothic)