*augô
Runic: ᚨᚢᚷᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯.ɣɔːː/noun · neuter · an-stem
Meanings
eye
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃okʷ-ṓn ~ *h₃okʷ-én-s, an n-stem ultimately belonging to the root *h₃ekʷ-. The inherited paradigm produced several pre-Germanic stem variants that were subsequently remodeled. The old dual *h₃okʷ-i(h₁) is probably reflected in Old High German awi- (Neri 2009: 8), while the n-stem produced an intraparadigmatic alternation underlying pre-Germanic *ag- ~ *au- (Lühr 2017: s.v. ouga; Schaffner 2001: 581 n. 314). Hackstein (2024: 7 n. 2) attributes to Sergio Neri a more explicit analysis whereby PIE *h₃okʷ-ón-/-n-´ yielded the Germanic variants *agan-/*aun-/*awin-, which were remodeled by bidirectional paradigm leveling to *augan-/augin-.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | augô | augōnō |
| Acc. | augô | augōnō |
| Gen. | auginiz | auganǫ̂ |
| Dat. | augini | augammaz |
| Inst. | auginē | augammiz |
| Voc. | augô | augōnō |
Descendants
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ōga, ouga (Old Dutch)
-
ôge (Middle Dutch)
- oog (Dutch)
- oug (Limburgish)
-
ôge (Middle Dutch)
-
ōga, ouga (Old Dutch)
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēage, ēge (Old English)
-
eye, e, eȝe, ei, eie, eighe, eyghe, eyȝe, iȝe, yȝe, ye, yë, yghe, eȝhe, ehe (Middle English)
- eye (English)
-
eye, e, eȝe, ei, eie, eighe, eyghe, eyȝe, iȝe, yȝe, ye, yë, yghe, eȝhe, ehe (Middle English)
-
ēage, ēge (Old English)
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēage, ēge (Old English)
-
eye, e, eȝe, ei, eie, eighe, eyghe, eyȝe, iȝe, yȝe, ye, yë, yghe, eȝhe, ehe (Middle English)
-
ee, e, E, ei, eie, eye, eae, eee, ie (Middle Scots)
- ee, eh (Scots)
-
ee, e, E, ei, eie, eye, eae, eee, ie (Middle Scots)
-
eye, e, eȝe, ei, eie, eighe, eyghe, eyȝe, iȝe, yȝe, ye, yë, yghe, eȝhe, ehe (Middle English)
-
ēage, ēge (Old English)
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
āge, āg (Old Frisian)
- Oge, Ooge (Saterland Frisian)
- each (West Frisian)
-
āge, āg (Old Frisian)
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ouga, ouca, auca (Old High German)
-
ouge (Middle High German)
- Aug (Alemannic German)
- Aug (Bavarian)
- Ooch, Auch, Au (Central Franconian)
- Auge (German)
- אויג (oyg) (Yiddish)
-
ouge (Middle High German)
-
ouga, ouca, auca (Old High German)
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ōga (Old Saxon)
-
ôge (Middle Low German)
- Uag (Plautdietsch)
-
ôge (Middle Low German)
-
ōga (Old Saxon)
-
*augā (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ōga (Old Saxon)
-
ôge (Middle Low German)
-
Oge (Low German)
- Oog (Low German)
-
Oge (Low German)
-
ôge (Middle Low German)
-
ōga (Old Saxon)
-
*ᚨᚢᚷᛟ (*augo) (Proto-Norse)
-
auga (Old Norse)
- eyga (Faroese)
- auga (Icelandic)
- ouge (Jamtish)
- auga, aua, aue, auwe, ouwe, ouga (Norwegian)
- auga (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- yva (Scanian)
-
auga (Old Norse)
-
*ᚨᚢᚷᛟ (*augo) (Proto-Norse)
-
auga (Old Norse)
-
ø̄ghæ (Old Danish)
-
øje (Danish)
- øye (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
øje (Danish)
-
ø̄ghæ (Old Danish)
-
auga (Old Norse)
-
*ᚨᚢᚷᛟ (*augo) (Proto-Norse)
-
auga (Old Norse)
-
ø̄gha (Old Swedish)
-
öga (Swedish)
- ööga (Finnish)
-
öga (Swedish)
-
ø̄gha (Old Swedish)
-
auga (Old Norse)
- 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō) (Gothic)
- oeghene (Crimean Gothic)
-
*aukko (Proto-Finnic)
- auk (Estonian)
- aukko (Finnish)