*huppōną^¹

Runic: ᚺᚢᛈᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 2

Meanings

to move up and down; hop

Etymology

From a pre-Germanic iterative *kuP-néh₂-(ye-)ti, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (‘to bend; a bend, joint’). Compare Latin cubō (‘I recline’), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos) (kúbos, ‘hollow in the hips’), Albanian sup (‘shoulder’), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti) (śúpti, ‘shoulder’), Proto-Germanic *hupiz (‘hip’). The semantic development would be “to bend the knees” > “to jump”.

However, Kroonen argues that the root must be *kup- with final *p, in view of Middle Dutch hobben, and adduces Old Church Slavonic къпѣти (kŭpěti) (kŭpěti, ‘to hop’) as a cognate. Compare hobby, hub (with German Hubbel) and hump. Tentatively compare also Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō) (kúptō, ‘to stoop, hunch’), Lithuanian kuprà (‘hump’), and Old High German hofar, hofir (‘hump’).

Possibly sound-symbolic; compare Proto-Finnic *hüp'äit'äk.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	huppō	huppǭ	–
2nd singular	huppōsi	huppōs	huppō
3rd singular	huppōþi	huppō	huppōþau
1st dual	huppōs	huppōw	–
2nd dual	huppōþiz	huppōþiz	huppōþiz
1st plural	huppōmaz	huppōm	–
2nd plural	huppōþ	huppōþ	huppōþ
3rd plural	huppōnþi	huppōn	huppōnþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	huppōi	–
2nd singular	huppōsai	huppōsau
3rd singular	huppōþai	huppōþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	huppōnþai	huppōnþau
2nd plural	huppōnþai	huppōnþau
3rd plural	huppōnþai	huppōnþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	huppōdǭ	huppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	huppōdēz	huppōdēdīz
3rd singular	huppōdē	huppōdēdī
1st dual	huppōdēdū	huppōdēdīw
2nd dual	huppōdēdudiz	huppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	huppōdēdum	huppōdēdīm
2nd plural	huppōdēdud	huppōdēdīd
3rd plural	huppōdēdun	huppōdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
huppōną	huppōndz	huppōdaz

Find a form

Descendants

*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hoppon, *hobbon (Old Dutch)
  - hoppen, hobben, hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen, huppelen (Middle Dutch)
    - hoppen, hobben, hobbelen, huppelen (Dutch)
      - hop, hobbel (Afrikaans)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- hoppian (Old English)
  - hoppen, hobelen (Middle English)
    - hop, hobble (English)
    - hop (Scots)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- hober, ober (Old French)
  - hobin, hobi, obin (Old French)
    - hobin, hobyn, hoby (Middle English)
      - hobby, hobbyhorse (English)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- hober, ober (Old French)
  - hobin, hobi, obin (Old French)
    - hobin, haubby, aubin (Middle French)
      - aubin (French)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huppia, *hoppia (Old Frisian)
  - hopje, hobje (West Frisian)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huppia, *hoppia (Old Frisian)
  - hupje, hopje (Saterland Frisian)
    - huppelje (Saterland Frisian)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hopfōn, *hoppōn (Old High German)
  - hopfen, hoppen (Middle High German)
    - hoppen (German)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hopfōn, *hoppōn (Old High German)
  - hopfen, hoppen (Middle High German)
    - hoppeln (Middle High German)
      - hoppeln (German)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hopfōn, *hoppōn (Old High German)
  - hoppazzen (Old High German)
    - hoppezen, hopfzen (Middle High German)
      - hopsen (German)
        
        hopsen (German Low German)
*huppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huppōn, *hoppōn (Old Saxon)
  - huppen, huppelen (Middle Low German)
    - huppeln, hoppeln (German Low German)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hoppon, *hobbon (Old Dutch)
  - hoppen, hobben, hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen, huppelen (Middle Dutch)
    - hoppen, hobben, hobbelen, huppelen (Dutch)
      - hop, hobbel (Afrikaans)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- hoppian (Old English)
  - hoppen, hobelen (Middle English)
    - hop, hobble (English)
    - hop (Scots)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- hober, ober (Old French)
  - hobin, hobi, obin (Old French)
    - hobin, hobyn, hoby (Middle English)
      - hobby, hobbyhorse (English)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- hober, ober (Old French)
  - hobin, hobi, obin (Old French)
    - hobin, haubby, aubin (Middle French)
      - aubin (French)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huppia, *hoppia (Old Frisian)
  - hopje, hobje (West Frisian)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huppia, *hoppia (Old Frisian)
  - hupje, hopje (Saterland Frisian)
    - huppelje (Saterland Frisian)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hopfōn, *hoppōn (Old High German)
  - hopfen, hoppen (Middle High German)
    - hoppen (German)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hopfōn, *hoppōn (Old High German)
  - hopfen, hoppen (Middle High German)
    - hoppeln (Middle High German)
      - hoppeln (German)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hopfōn, *hoppōn (Old High German)
  - hoppazzen (Old High German)
    - hoppezen, hopfzen (Middle High German)
      - hopsen (German)
        
        hopsen (German Low German)
*hoppōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huppōn, *hoppōn (Old Saxon)
  - huppen, huppelen (Middle Low German)
    - huppeln, hoppeln (German Low German)
hoppa (Old Norse)
- hoppa (Faroese)
- hoppa (Icelandic)
- hoppa (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hoppa (Old Norse)
- hoppe (Danish)
  - hoppe (Norwegian Bokmål)
hoppa (Old Norse)
- hoppa, huppa (Old Swedish)
  - hoppa, hôpp (Swedish)
*këppëtēk (Proto-Samic)

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