*klinganą^¹

Runic: ᚲᛚᛁᚾᚷᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkliŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 3

Meanings

to sound

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *glengʰ- (‘sound’), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gal-, *gelH- (‘to call, sound’) (compare *golH-s- (‘voice, cry’)), the root whence also *kalzōną, and/or ultimately onomatopoeic, similar to Latin clangō (‘to clang’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	klingō	klingaų	–
2nd singular	klingizi	klingaiz	kling
3rd singular	klingidi	klingai	klingadau
1st dual	klingōz	klingaiw	–
2nd dual	klingadiz	klingaidiz	klingadiz
1st plural	klingamaz	klingaim	–
2nd plural	klingid	klingaid	klingid
3rd plural	klingandi	klingain	klingandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	klingai	–
2nd singular	klingazai	klingaizau
3rd singular	klingadai	klingaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	klingandai	klingaindau
2nd plural	klingandai	klingaindau
3rd plural	klingandai	klingaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	klang	klungį̄
2nd singular	klanht	klungīz
3rd singular	klang	klungī
1st dual	klungū	klungīw
2nd dual	klungudiz	klungīdiz
1st plural	klungum	klungīm
2nd plural	klungud	klungīd
3rd plural	klungun	klungīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
klinganą	klingandz	klunganaz

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Descendants

klinga (Old Frisian)
- klinke (North Frisian)
- klinge (Saterland Frisian)
- klinke (West Frisian)
*klingan (Old Saxon)
- klingen, clingen (Middle Low German)
  - kjlinjen (Plautdietsch)
*klingan (Old Saxon)
- klingen, clingen (Middle Low German)
  - ? (Low German)
    - klingen (German Low German)
*klingan (Old Saxon)
- klingen, clingen (Middle Low German)
  - ? (Low German)
    - ? (Westphalian)
      - klingen (East Westphalian)
      - klingen (Münsterländer)
*klingan (Old Saxon)
- klingen, clingen (Middle Low German)
  - klingja, *klinga (Old Norse)
    - klinge (Danish)
    - klinga (Faroese)
    - klingja (Icelandic)
*klingan (Old Saxon)
- klingen, clingen (Middle Low German)
  - klingja, *klinga (Old Norse)
    - klinga (Old Swedish)
      - klinga (Swedish)
*clingan (Old Dutch)
- clingen (Middle Dutch)
  - klinge, klinke (Limburgish)
*clingan (Old Dutch)
- clingen (Middle Dutch)
  - klingen, klinken (Dutch)
    - klink (Afrikaans)
*clingan (Old Dutch)
- clingen (Middle Dutch)
  - klingen, klinken (Dutch)
    - clinquant (French)
      - clinquant (English)
*clingan (Old Dutch)
- clingen (Middle Dutch)
  - clinken (Middle English)
    - clink (English)
    - clink (Scots)
klingan (Old High German)
- klingen (Middle High German)
  - klingen (German)
  - kléngen (Luxembourgish)
  - קלינגען (klingen) (Yiddish)

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