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*-niz
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · i-stem · /niz/
forms feminine abstract, action, or result nouns from verbal roots and stems
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*-nō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /nɔː/
forms feminine ō-stem nouns, especially concrete nouns denoting a body part, natural object, place, animal, product, or…
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*-ô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /ɔːː/
like English “-er”; forms masculine agent and personal nouns, often from the zero-grade of the base, with the sense…
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*-ō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /ɔː/
forms feminine ō-stem nouns from roots and stems, including concrete nouns, person nouns, and abstract/action/result…
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*-ǭ
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ōn-stem · /ɔ̃ː/
like modern English “-ess”; forms feminine agent and personal nouns, often corresponding to masculine *-ô or *-jô
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*-ōþuz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · u-stem · /ɔː.θuz/
forms masculine u-stem action/result nouns, especially from weak class 2 verbs, denoting the action, practice, process,…
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*-skapiz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · i-stem · /ˈskɑ.piz/
forms abstract and collective nouns, especially from personal nouns, denoting state, condition, rank, relationship,…
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*-(i)slą
suffix · forms nouns · neuter · a-stem · /i.slɑ̃/
forms neuter deverbal nouns, originally denoting instruments or means; later also products, results, or actions…
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*-ukaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · a-stem · /u.kɑz/
forms masculine diminutive, hypocoristic, or affective nouns, especially names of animals, plants, young creatures, and…
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*-ukô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /u.kɔːː/
forms masculine weak n-stem diminutive or hypocoristic nouns, especially personal names, animal names, and affective…
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*-umnijō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /um.ni.jɔː/
forms abstract, result, and state nouns, usually from verbs or from bases already associated with *men-stem nominal…
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*-ungō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /uŋ.ɡɔː/
forms feminine action and event nouns, chiefly from verbs, denoting ‘the act, process, occurrence, result, or state of…
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*-þiz
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · i-stem · /θiz/
forms feminine i-stem abstract/action nouns from verbal roots, usually denoting the action, event, result, state, or…
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*-þrą
suffix · forms nouns · neuter · a-stem · /θrɑ̃/
forms chiefly neuter a-stem nouns denoting an instrument, implement, means, or sometimes a place/product associated…
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*-þuz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · u-stem · /θuz/
forms verbal nouns, especially from inherited root verbs, denoting an action, process, result, state, or concrete…
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*-þwō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /θwɔː/
forms feminine abstract/action nouns from verbs, often denoting an act, state, result, or associated condition