Browse: Suffixes
91 entries, in dictionary order.
- *-aną — forms infinitive of strong verbs
- *-aną — forms infinitive of preterite-present verbs
- *-āną — forms chiefly stative or fientive verbs meaning ‘to be’ or ‘to become’ what is denoted by an adjective or noun
- *-anaz — forms the past participle of strong verbs
- *-(a)nē — forms adverbs with ablative direction
- *-ārijaz — forms agent nouns and occupational nouns: ‘one associated with X’, ‘one who works with X’, ‘one who does X’
- *-assuz — forms abstract nouns
- *-atją — forms neuter action nouns from verbs in *-atjaną, denoting the act, process, practice, or result of the verbal action;…
- *-atjaną — forms weak class I verbs from nouns and adjectives, with meanings such as ‘make X’, ‘become X’, ‘act as X’, or ‘treat…
- *-az — a-stem noun suffix
- *-az — agent suffix
- *-az — forms the direct stem of neuter z-stem nouns
- *-az — forms primary deverbal adjectives, particularly active, agentive, or resultative adjectives
- *-dōmaz — forms nouns denoting the condition or state of the suffixed word
- *-drê — forms allative place adverbs indicating motion toward a deictic or interrogative goal, as in ‘hither’, ‘thither’, and…
- *-dūþiz — forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives, and other nouns
- *-ē — forms adverbs of manner from adjectives, like English “-ly”
- *-falþaz — -fold; suffix denoting multiplication, or consisting of so many parts.
- *-gaz — forms adjectives from nouns and verbs with a sense of 'being, having, or doing'.
- *-gin — forms indefinite and negative-polarity adverbs and pronouns, with the sense ‘ever, at all, any, some-’
- *-hun — forms indefinite and negative-polarity pronouns, numerals, and adverbs, with the sense ‘any, anyone, anything, ever, at…
- *-hw — joins words, phrases, and clauses
- *-į̄ — forms feminine abstract nouns from adjectives, denoting ‘the condition, degree, quality, or state of being X’;…
- *-ilaz — forms instrument nouns such as tools
- *-ilaz — forms diminutives and hypocoristics, especially nouns denoting small, young, or affectionate versions of the base
- *-ilaz — forms adjectives from verbs, meaning ‘-ing’ or ‘tending to’ with regards to the base (alternative form of *-ulaz)
- *-ilingaz — forms noun-derivatives with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from', often diminutive
- *-ilǭ — forms feminine agent nouns, especially of plants and animals
- *-inassuz — forms abstract nouns denoting a state, condition, office, practice, action, or domain associated with the base; ‘-ness,…
- *-īnaz — like modern English “-en”; forms adjectives of material from nouns, meaning 'made of (noun)'; forms adjectives or…
- *-ingaz — forms masculine nouns meaning ‘one belonging to, descended from, associated with, or characterized by X’
- *-inī — forms nouns denoting a female individual, especially the female counterpart of a masculine or common-gender noun;…
- *-īniz — forms feminine abstract, action, or result nouns from Class 1 weak verbs, with the sense ‘the act, process, state, or…
- *-inōną — forms Weak class 2 denominative verbs from nouns denoting persons, professions, offices, or social roles, with the…
- *-iskaz — forms adjectives from nouns with the sense characteristic of X; pertaining to X
- *-isōną — forms Weak class 2 verbs from adjectives and nouns, typically meaning ‘to be, become, make, treat as, or act in…
- *-ist — forms the superlative of certain adverbs
- *-istaz — forms the superlative of certain adjectives
- *-itją — forms neuter action nouns from verbs in *-itjaną, denoting the act, process, practice, or result of the verbal action;…
- *-itjaną — forms weak class I verbs from nouns and adjectives, with meanings such as ‘make X’, ‘become X’, ‘act as X’, or ‘treat…
- *-iz — forms comparative adverbs, equivalent to English “-er” or ‘more’, with the sense ‘more X, X-er, rather X’
- *-iz — forms primary i-stem adjectives, usually from verbal roots; the meaning is most often passive or possibilitive, but…
- *-izô — forms weak comparative adjectives, equivalent to Modern English “-er” or ‘more’, with the sense ‘more X, X-er’
- *-iþō — -ness, -th, -ity; forms feminine abstract nouns, chiefly from adjectives, denoting a quality, state, or condition
- *-(i)ją — forms neuter abstract/collective nouns from nouns, often with the collective/comitative prefix *ga-
- *-(i)janą — forms Weak class 1 verbs from nouns and adjectives, especially denominals meaning ‘act as, use, provide, or be…
- *-(i)janą — forms Weak class 3 stative and durative verbs, often with the sense ‘be X, have the quality of X, re-main in the state…
- *-(i)jaz — forms masculine agent nouns, denoting a person characterized by an action, occupation, office, role, or sphere of…
- *-(i)jaz — forms relational adjectives and substantivized nominals denoting origin, descent, affiliation, or be-longing; ‘of,…
- *-(i)jaz — forms denominal adjectives meaning ‘having, furnished with, characterized by, made of, or pertaining to’ the base noun
- *-(i)jô — like modern English “-er”; forms masculine agent nouns and personal nouns, often from the zero-grade of the base
- *-(i)jǭ — forms feminine agent nouns and female personal nouns corresponding to masculine *-(i)jô (forms masculine agent nouns)
- *-lausaz — Modern English “-less”, lacking, devoid of
- *-lif — fossilized numeral-forming element found in Proto-Germanic *ainalif (‘eleven’) and *twalif (‘twelve’), originally…
- *-līkaz — Modern English “-like, -ly”; forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of 'similar to, characteristic…
- *-lōną — forms Weak class 2 verbs, often with iterative, frequentative, attenuative, or diminutive force; roughly ‘to do…
- *-mô — forms mostly lexicalized masculine deverbal nouns denoting an action or state, its result or concrete manifestation,…
- *-naną — forms intransitive fientive or inchoative verbs, usually with the sense ‘to become X, come into the state X’; often…
- *-ndz — forms masculine agent nouns from verbs, especially lexicalized substantives of the present participle, denoting a…
- *-ne — forms adverbs with ablative direction
- *-niz — forms feminine abstract, action, or result nouns from verbal roots and stems
- *-nō — forms feminine ō-stem nouns, especially concrete nouns denoting a body part, natural object, place, animal, product, or…
- *-ô — like English “-er”; forms masculine agent and personal nouns, often from the zero-grade of the base, with the sense…
- *-ô — like English “-ly” in function; forms adverbs of manner or quality from adjectives, with the sense ‘in an X way, X-ly’
- *-ō — forms feminine ō-stem nouns from roots and stems, including concrete nouns, person nouns, and abstract/action/result…
- *-ǭ — like modern English “-ess”; forms feminine agent and personal nouns, often corresponding to masculine *-ô or *-jô
- *-ōdaz — forms denominal adjectives meaning ‘having, provided with, characterized by X’, comparable to English “-ed” in bearded,…
- *-ōną — infinitive form of the weak class 2 verbal suffix; forms chiefly denominative verbs, with meanings such as ‘be X’, ‘act…
- *-ōniz — forms feminine abstract or event nouns from weak class 2 verbs
- *-ōstaz — like English “-est”; forms superlative adjectives, chiefly from regular a-stem adjectives (cf. the comparative suffix…
- *-ōzô — forms comparative adjectives, equivalent to English “-er” or “more”, with the sense ‘more X, X-er’, originally with…
- *-ōþuz — forms masculine u-stem action/result nouns, especially from weak class 2 verbs, denoting the action, practice, process,…
- *-raz — forms mostly lexicalized adjectives from roots, especially inherited Caland-system roots, usually with the root in zero…
- *-samaz — forms adjectives, especially from nouns and abstract nouns, meaning ‘having the character of X, characterized by X,…
- *-skapiz — forms abstract and collective nouns, especially from personal nouns, denoting state, condition, rank, relationship,…
- *-(i)slą — forms neuter deverbal nouns, originally denoting instruments or means; later also products, results, or actions…
- *-u — enclitic question particle marking a polar or alternative/binary question
- *-uh — enclitic connective meaning ‘and, and also, too’; chiefly the postconsonantal allomorph of *-hw
- *-ukaz — forms masculine diminutive, hypocoristic, or affective nouns, especially names of animals, plants, young creatures, and…
- *-ukô — forms masculine weak n-stem diminutive or hypocoristic nouns, especially personal names, animal names, and affective…
- *-ukōną — forms weak class 2 verbs from adjectives, nouns, and verbs; with adjectives and nouns it usually has factitive,…
- *-ulaz — forms adjectives, chiefly from verbs and more rarely from nouns, meaning ‘given to X-ing, prone to X, inclined to X,…
- *-umnijō — forms abstract, result, and state nouns, usually from verbs or from bases already associated with *men-stem nominal…
- *-umô — forms a small, mostly lexicalized class of weak adjectives with comparative, superlative, or ordinal-spatial meaning
- *-ungō — forms feminine action and event nouns, chiefly from verbs, denoting ‘the act, process, occurrence, result, or state of…
- *-wintruz — years lasting
- *-þaz — forms thematic adjectives from verbal roots, usually with resultative, stative, passive, or lexicalized meanings:…
- *-þiz — forms feminine i-stem abstract/action nouns from verbal roots, usually denoting the action, event, result, state, or…
- *-þrą — forms chiefly neuter a-stem nouns denoting an instrument, implement, means, or sometimes a place/product associated…
- *-þuz — forms verbal nouns, especially from inherited root verbs, denoting an action, process, result, state, or concrete…
- *-þwō — forms feminine abstract/action nouns from verbs, often denoting an act, state, result, or associated condition