*ainalif
Runic: ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᛁᚠ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.nɑ.liɸ/numeral
Meanings
eleven
Etymology
Compound of *ainaz + *-lif/*-lib (fossilized numeral-forming element found in Proto-Germanic *ainalif and *twalif), literally ‘one left over (after ten)’, parallel to *twalif (literally ‘two left over’) (Kroonen 2013: 11–12; Ringe 2017: 229–30). The second member is probably connected with *lībaną/*bilībaną and *lifnaną, from the zero-grade *lip- of Proto-Indo-European root *leyp-; compare Tocharian B lip and Proto-Slavic lьnǫti. The exact preform is uncertain, however: Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌹𐌼 (ainlibim) (dat.) and 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌱𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (twalibwintrus) point to *-lib-, while the closest external numeral parallels, Lithuanian vienúolika and dvýlika, suggest *-likʷ- from PIE *leykʷ- (Ringe 2017: 229–30). Related to *ainaz and *twalif. See also *-lif.
Descendants
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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*ellef (Old Dutch)
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ellef, elf (Middle Dutch)
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elf (Dutch)
- elf (Afrikaans)
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elf (Dutch)
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ellef, elf (Middle Dutch)
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*ellef (Old Dutch)
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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endleofan, enlefen, endlufon (Old English)
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elleven, eleven, elleovene, ellevene, ellevyn, endleve, enleve, enleven (Middle English)
- eleven (English)
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elleven, eleven, elleovene, ellevene, ellevyn, endleve, enleve, enleven (Middle English)
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endleofan, enlefen, endlufon (Old English)
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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endleofan, enlefen, endlufon (Old English)
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elleven, eleven, elleovene, ellevene, ellevyn, endleve, enleve, enleven (Middle English)
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ane-levin, alevin, ellevin, elevin, levin (Middle Scots)
- eleiven, eleeven (Scots)
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ane-levin, alevin, ellevin, elevin, levin (Middle Scots)
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elleven, eleven, elleovene, ellevene, ellevyn, endleve, enleve, enleven (Middle English)
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endleofan, enlefen, endlufon (Old English)
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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andlova, alleva, elleva (Old Frisian)
- alwen (North Frisian)
- alwen (Saterland Frisian)
- alve (West Frisian)
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andlova, alleva, elleva (Old Frisian)
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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einlif (Old High German)
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einlif, einlef, eilif, eilef, eilf (Middle High German)
- eintlef, einlef (Alemannic German)
- ellef (Central Franconian)
- elf (German)
- eelef (Luxembourgish)
- עלף (elf) (Yiddish)
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einlif, einlef, eilif, eilef, eilf (Middle High German)
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einlif (Old High German)
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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ellevan, elevan, elleven (Old Saxon)
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elvene (Middle Low German)
- alf (Plautdietsch)
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elvene (Middle Low German)
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ellevan, elevan, elleven (Old Saxon)
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*ainalif (Proto-West Germanic)
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ellevan, elevan, elleven (Old Saxon)
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elvene (Middle Low German)
- elf (Dutch Low Saxon)
- elf, eleve, ölve, ölven (Low German)
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elvene (Middle Low German)
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ellevan, elevan, elleven (Old Saxon)
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ellifu (Old Norse)
- ellivu (Faroese)
- ellefu (Icelandic)
- elleve (Norwegian)
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ellifu (Old Norse)
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ællifu, ællæuæ, ælløuæ, ællefue (Old Danish)
- elleve (Danish)
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ællifu, ællæuæ, ælløuæ, ællefue (Old Danish)
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ellifu (Old Norse)
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ællivu, ællivo, ællevo, ælleve, ælleva, ællovo, ællova (Old Swedish)
- elva, ellova (Swedish)
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ællivu, ællivo, ællevo, ælleve, ælleva, ællovo, ællova (Old Swedish)
- 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌻𐌹𐍆 (ainlif) (Gothic)