*aukōną
Runic: ᚨᚢᚲᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑu̯.kɔː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 2
Meanings
to increase, to grow
Etymology
Probably a secondary Weak class 2 formation beside *aukaną, with productive *-ōną; alternatively, it may have been formed denominatively from *aukô. Seebold (1970: 84) reconstructs *auk-ō- specifically as probably secondary to the strong verb, consistent with the development of Weak class 2 *-ō- into a productive suffix with deverbative as well as denominative functions (Ringe 2017: 200, 284–85). The base *aukaną continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwg-e/o-, from root *h₂ewg- (Kümmel 2011-2026: 40, s.v. *h₂eu̯g-).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aukō | aukǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | aukōsi | aukōs | aukō |
| 3rd singular | aukōþi | aukō | aukōþau |
| 1st dual | aukōs | aukōw | – |
| 2nd dual | aukōþiz | aukōþiz | aukōþiz |
| 1st plural | aukōmaz | aukōm | – |
| 2nd plural | aukōþ | aukōþ | aukōþ |
| 3rd plural | aukōnþi | aukōn | aukōnþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aukōi | – |
| 2nd singular | aukōsai | aukōsau |
| 3rd singular | aukōþai | aukōþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | aukōnþai | aukōnþau |
| 2nd plural | aukōnþai | aukōnþau |
| 3rd plural | aukōnþai | aukōnþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aukōdǭ | aukōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | aukōdēz | aukōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | aukōdē | aukōdēdī |
| 1st dual | aukōdēdū | aukōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | aukōdēdudiz | aukōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | aukōdēdum | aukōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | aukōdēdud | aukōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | aukōdēdun | aukōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| aukōną | aukōndz | aukōdaz |
Descendants
-
*aukōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ōkon (Old Dutch)
- ôken (Middle Dutch)
-
*ōkon (Old Dutch)
-
*aukōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēacian (Old English)
-
eken (Middle English)
- eke (English)
-
eken (Middle English)
-
ēacian (Old English)
-
*aukōn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ouhhōn (Old High German)
- ouchen (Middle High German)
-
ouhhōn (Old High German)
-
auka (Old Norse)
- eyka (Faroese)
- auka (Icelandic)
-
auka (Old Norse)
-
auka (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- auke (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
auka (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
auka (Old Norse)
-
økæ (Old Danish)
- øga (Scanian)
-
økæ (Old Danish)
-
auka (Old Norse)
-
økæ (Old Danish)
-
øge (Danish)
- økja (Faroese)
- øke (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
øge (Danish)
-
økæ (Old Danish)
-
auka (Old Norse)
-
ø̄ka (Old Swedish)
- öka (Swedish)
-
ø̄ka (Old Swedish)