*baitijaną
Runic: ᛒᚨᛁᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑi̯.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to make bite; to cause to bite
- to restrain, rein in, bridle
- to make or let graze; to pasture, feed
Etymology
A causative of *bītaną, formed with *-(i)janą¹ (de Vries 1977: 30–31. s.v. beita; Orel 2003: 33; Seebold 1970: 96–99). Formally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoyd-éye/o-, the regular o-grade causative-iterative formation of *bʰeyd-, though LIV² marks this particular reconstruction as uncertain (Rix et al. 2001: 70–71). The meanings ‘to bridle’ and ‘to make graze’ developed respectively from ‘to cause a horse to bite on the bit’ and ‘to cause to bite/eat, graze’ (Seebold 1970: 98). Cognate root formations include Latin findō and Sanskrit भिनत्ति (bhinátti) (Kroonen 2013: 65, s.v. *bītan-; Rix et al. 2001: 70–71).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | baitijō | baitijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | baitīsi | baitijais | baitī |
| 3rd singular | baitīþi | baitijai | baitijaþau |
| 1st dual | baitijōs | baitijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | baitijaþiz | baitijaiþiz | baitijaþiz |
| 1st plural | baitijamaz | baitijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | baitīþ | baitijaiþ | baitīþ |
| 3rd plural | baitijanþi | baitijain | baitijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | baitijai | – |
| 2nd singular | baitijasai | baitijaisau |
| 3rd singular | baitijaþai | baitijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | baitijanþai | baitijainþau |
| 2nd plural | baitijanþai | baitijainþau |
| 3rd plural | baitijanþai | baitijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | baitidǭ | baitidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | baitidēz | baitidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | baitidē | baitidēdī |
| 1st dual | baitidēdū | baitidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | baitidēdudiz | baitidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | baitidēdum | baitidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | baitidēdud | baitidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | baitidēdun | baitidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| baitijaną | baitijandz | baitidaz |
Descendants
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*baitijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*bēten (Old Dutch)
-
bêten (Middle Dutch)
- beten (Dutch)
-
bêten (Middle Dutch)
-
*bēten (Old Dutch)
-
*baitijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bǣtan (Old English)
-
bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn (Middle English)
- bait (English)
- bait (Scots)
-
bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn (Middle English)
-
bǣtan (Old English)
-
*baitijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
beizen (Old High German)
- beizen (Middle High German)
-
beizen (Old High German)
-
*baitijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*bētian (Old Saxon)
- bêten (Middle Low German)
- undbētian (Old Saxon)
-
*bētian (Old Saxon)
-
beita (Old Norse)
- bede (Danish)
- beita (Icelandic)
-
beita (Old Norse)
- beite (Norwegian Bokmål)
- beita, beite (Norwegian Nynorsk)