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*reudaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈreu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to clear, eradicate, remove
“……f having an uncertain interpretation. Said root has been linked to Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (‘to dig out’) (whence also Latin ruo (‘I dig out’), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (‘to tear’)).…”
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*skeutaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈskeu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to shoot (especially of an arrow), dash
“……ich he derives from a Proto-Indo-European *sket- (‘to drive forward’), and connects with Lithuanian skàsti (‘to jump, hop’), Latin scatō (‘to gush forth, swarm’).…”
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*panningaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈpɑn.niŋ.ɡɑz/
a coin, penny
“……al obstruent, which makes it difficult to connect with *pandan- (‘pledge’) (Old High German phant) or their possible etymon, Latin pondus (‘weight’). The second part of the word is probably *-ingaz. The first part is possibly a borrowing of one of th……”
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*haitaną
verb · Strong class 7a · /ˈxɑi̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to address, call, summon
“……oto-Indo-European *key- (‘to move, to impel’), and compared with Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, ‘to set in motion, to arouse’), Latin cieō (‘to set in motion, to summon’), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, ‘to come forth, to fall down’), Albanian qoj (‘to wake……”
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*ahtudô
adjective · an/īn-stem · /ˈɑx.tu.ðɔːː/
eighth; occupying position eight in a sequence
“……anic *h₃eḱtu-tó-. The voiced dental is an outcome of Verner’s Law with the original accent on the suffix. Comparanda include Latin octāvus , Ancient Greek ὄγδοος, Sanskrit अष्टम, Tocharian A oktänt, and Tocharian B oktante, all meaning ‘eighth’. Howe……”
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*awǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈɑ.wɔ̃ː/
grandmother
“……novative, with *-ōn- generalized as the feminine counterpart of masculine *-an- Fulk 2018. Continued by Gothic *awō. Compare Latin avia, probably a related feminine formation, though its precise derivation is uncertain de Vaan 2008.…”
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*blēwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈblɛː.wɑz/
blue
“……onstructs an ablauting u-stem, *bʰléh₁-u-s ~ *bʰl̥h₁-w-ó-s, in order to reconcile the vowels of the Proto-Germanic word with Latin flāvus (‘blond, yellow’), which is likely cognate; compare also Proto-Celtic *blāwos (‘yellow’). It is uncertain whethe……”
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*flaizô
adjective · n-stem · /ˈɸlɑi̯.zɔːː/
more
“……8. Cognate with Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn, ‘more’, comparative degree of πολύς (polús, ‘many, a lot of’)) Beekes 2010 and Latin plūs (‘more, several, many’, comparative degree of multus (‘many’)).…”
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*marþuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈmɑr.θuz/
marten
“…Unknown. The original meaning could have been "bride," which could be related to Latin mas (‘male bride’), Lithuanian marti (‘daughter-in-law’), and possibly Crimean Gothic marzu (‘marriage’). For similar s……”
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*ambô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑm.bɔːː/
belly, abdomen
“……ned as a Schwebeablaut/metathesized variant of *h₃nebʰ- de Vaan 2008 Kroonen 2013 Wodtko et al. 2008. The closest cognate is Latin umbō, which continues the same n-stem; compare also Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός, Sanskrit नाभि, and Old Prussian nabis from t……”
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*ahwō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑ.xʷɔː/
stream, river, running water
“…Traditionally derived from pre-Germanic *ákʷā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷ-eh₂ Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. Cognate with Latin aqua < Proto-Italic *akʷā; de Vaan 2008. The deeper status of the etymon is debated: it is a strong Germanic–Italic iso……”
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*anguz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡuz/
narrow, tight
“……ropean formations include Vedic Sanskrit अंहु, Proto-Celtic angus, reflected in Old Irish ing, iung, and Proto-Slavic ǫzъkъ; Latin angustus is instead a related derivative in *-os-to- from the same root de Vaan 2008 Wodtko et al. 2008. The verbal mea……”
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*aidaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.ðɑz/
fire; especially a funeral pyre or sacrificial/ritual fire
“……al root *h₂ey-dʰh₁- (‘put to the fire’), from a putative *h₂ey- + dʰeh₁- Thorsø et al. 2023. Cognates include Old Irish áed, Latin aedēs, Ancient Greek αἴθω, Sanskrit एध, इद्ध, and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬨𐬀 Catt 2014 Mallory & Adams 1997 Rix et al. 2001.…”
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*aitrōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɑi̯.trɔː.nɑ̃/
to fester; to suppurate
“……root *h₂eyd- (‘to swell’). Cognates of the underlying root include Old Armenian այտնում, Ancient Greek οἰδέω and οἶδος, and Latin aemidus Beekes 2010 Kroonen 2013 Martirosyan 2010 Matasović 2018 Orel 2003.…”
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*beuną
verb · /ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/
to be
“……c *baviti (‘to linger, engage in, accumulate’), Irish bí (‘to be’), Ancient Greek φύω (phúō, ‘to bring forth, beget, grow’), Latin fīō (‘to become, happen’). Related to *būaną (‘to dwell, reside’). For the past tense forms, see *wesaną (‘to be, remai……”
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*dajjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈdɑj.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to suck, suckle
“……lass 1 verb Kroonen 2013. The North and East Proto-Germanic reflexes show the typical result of Holtmann’s Law. Cognate with Latin fellō (‘suck, suckle’), Old Church Slavonic доити (doiti, ‘to breastfeed, suckle; milk’), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, ‘to s……”
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*draganą
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈdrɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to draw, to pull, to carry
“……hō, ‘to run; run over’), Old Armenian: դուրգն (durgn, ‘potter's wheel’), Proto-Slavic: *droga (‘rail, shaft (of cart)’), and Latin trahō (‘to drag, pull’) (Orel 1998 and 2003; see also Ringe 2014 and Schrijver 1991). Related to *drahtuz (‘pulling, ca……”
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*fedwōr
numeral · /ˈɸeð.wɔːr/
four
“……ld Armenian: չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Irish cethair, Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares), Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), Latin quattuor, and Tocharian A śtwar, all meaning ‘four’).…”
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*herutaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxe.ru.tɑz/
hart, stag
“……Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (‘horn’) + *-utaz. Cognate with Lithuanian karvė (‘cow’), Russian коро́ва (koróva, ‘cow, neat’), Latin cervus (‘deer, stag’), Welsh carw (‘hart, stag’). Alternatively, from an irregular development of *ḱérh₂tos, with PIE *……”
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms adjectives · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms denominal adjectives meaning ‘having, furnished with, characterized by, made of, or pertaining to’ the base noun
“……ectives in *-(i)jaz, feminine *-(i)jǭ, neuter *-(i)ją, meaning ‘having X, characterized by X, pertaining to X’. Cognate with Latin-ius, Ancient Greek -ιος, and Sanskrit -य Fulk 2018 Meier-Brügger 2003 Ringe 2017.…”
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*ailijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑi̯.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to kindle, light; to set on fire
“……from *h₂eydʰ-. Cognate at the root level with Vedic Sanskrit इन्धे and एध, Ancient Greek αἴθω and αἶθος, Old Irish áed, and Latin aedis/aedēs. Beekes 2010 Kroonen 2013 Mallory & Adams 1997 Rix et al. 2001. Also related to *ailidaz and *aidaz.…”
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*andawardaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɑn.dɑ.ˌwɑr.ðɑz/
present; being before or in the presence of someone
“……ile Gothic reflects the *-werdaz variant, with *þ analogically restored after 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽 Heidermanns 1993. Compare semantically Latin praesēns < praesum, an independent parallel for spatial ‘before, in front of’ > ‘present’ de Vaan 2008 Lewis & Short 18……”
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*bulô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈbu.lɔːː/
bull
“……’). The original meaning may have been ‘testicle’, similar to Proto-Germanic cognates meaning ‘ball; testicle’. Cognates are Latin follis (‘bellows; purse, sack, money bag; an inflated ball; paunch, belly’), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, ‘penis, pha……”
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*wisundz
noun · masculine · consonant stem · /ˈwi.sundz/
wisent, bison
“……ted as hunters' taboo (compare 'grey one' for both hare and wolves; 'brown one' or 'honey-eater' for bear in Indo-European). Latin bisōn/bisōntis, variant visōn, is a first-century loan directly from continental West Proto-Germanic, as are Greek form……”
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*aiks
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈɑi̯ks/
oak tree
“……However, the Indo-European comparison is not certain. The most common comparanda include Ancient Greek αἰγίλωψ and possibly Latin aesculus, but de Vaan Vaan 2008 maintains that the suffix in Latin is not clear and that it may have a substrate origin……”