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*hūdiz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈxuː.ðiz/
skin, hide
“…From Proto-Indo-European *kéwHtis (‘bedecking, hide, skin’), and cognate with Latin cutis (‘skin’). The root is probably further derived from *(s)kewH- (‘to cover, hide’).…”
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*hulþaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈxul.θɑz/
inclined, favourable (towards)
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥-tó-s, from *ḱel- (‘to lean, incline, bend’) + *-tós. Cognate with Latin auscultō (‘incline one's ear, listen, listen in, heed’).…”
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*hurskaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈxur.skɑz/
fast; quick; lively
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (‘to run, race, speed, hurry’). Cognate with Latin currō (‘run’). Alternative etymology derives from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (‘wise, clever, skillful’).…”
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*hwalaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxʷɑ.lɑz/
whale
“…From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (‘large fish, sheatfish’). Compare Latin squalus, Old Prussian kalis, Ancient Greek ἀσπαλιεύς (aspalieús, ‘fisherman’), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, ‘kind of fish’).…”
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*hwaþeraz
determiner · /ˈxʷɑ.θe.rɑz/
which, what (of two, interrogative)
“……om *kʷos (‘which’). Cognate with Sanskrit कतर (katará), Ancient Greek πότερος (póteros), Proto-Slavic *koterъjь / *kotorъjь, Latin uter.…”
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*mildijaz
adjective · ja-stem · /ˈmil.di.jɑz/
mild, soft, tender
“…From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (‘to beat, pound, grind, mill’). Cognate with Latin mollis (‘soft, gentle’), as well as perhaps Sanskrit म्लात (mlātá, ‘soft’).…”
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*raþą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈrɑ.θɑ̃/
wheel
“…From Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂om or *Hrótom, from the root *Hreth₂- or *Hret- (‘to roll’). Compare Latin rota, perhaps from the collective of the same word.…”
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*skalǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈskɑ.lɔ̃ː/
testicle
“……pean *(s)kelH- (‘to cut, divide’) or *(s)kel- (‘to cover’) (see Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, ‘sheath, scabbard’), source of Latin coleus (‘testicles’)).…”
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*sparaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈspɑ.rɑz/
sparing, frugal
“……-European *sph̥₁-ro-s, from *speh₁- (‘to succeed, prosper’). Particularly close cognate with Sanskrit स्फिर (sphirá, ‘fat’), Latin prosperus (‘favorable, lucky’).…”
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*swa
adverb · /ˈswɑ/
so, thus, in this manner
“……Indo-European *swé. Alternatively, Dunkel reconstructs PIE *swa (‘thus; like’). Compare Epic Greek ὥς (hṓs, ‘as, like’), Old Latin suad (‘thus’).…”
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*wīhaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈwiː.xɑz/
sacred, holy
“……o-European *wéyk-o-s, from *weyk- (‘to choose, separate out, set aside as holy, consecrate, sacrifice’) + *-os. Cognate with Latin victima (‘offering, sacrifice’).…”
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*windaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈwin.dɑz/
wind
“……blowing; that which blows, i.e. air, wind’) (genitive *h₂uh₁n̥tés), present participle of *h₂weh₁- (‘to blow’). Cognate with Latin ventus (‘wind’).…”
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*harbaþaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑr.βɑ.θɑz/
a Carpathian
“……n Old Norse compound names, there are indications that the word must be old, from *karpátos. It must have been borrowed from Latin Carpatēs or a close relative prior to the occurrence of Grimm's law, and thus predates the split of the Germanic langua……”
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*armalausaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɑr.mɑ.ˌlɑu̯.sɑz/
armless; lacking arms
“……pare Gothic 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃, 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃, and 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 Lehmann 1986a. The precise form of the first constituent is uncertain. Late Latin armilaus(i)a and the ethnonym Armilausini preserve an older linking vowel -i-/-e-; Rübekeil Rübekeil 2020 argues that t……”
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*gladaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣlɑ.ðɑz/
shining, shiny, radiant
“…From Proto-Indo-European *gʰladʰ-, from *gʰleh₂dʰ- (‘to shine’). Cognate to Lithuanian žlėjà (‘dusk’), Latin glaber (‘smooth, hairless’), and Old Church Slavonic гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, ‘smooth, even, sweet’).…”
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*harugaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑ.ru.ɣɑz/
Sanctuary; halidom; grove.
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂k- (‘fenced or enclosed area’), from *ḱerh₂-, from which also *hurną (‘horn’). Cognate with Latin carcer (‘fence; prison’), Irish carn (‘heap of stones’).…”
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*jehwlą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈjexʷ.lɑ̃/
festivity, celebration
“…Unknown; suggested to be connected to Latin iocus (‘a joke, jest’), itself thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *yek- (‘to speak’), yet this is semantically unco……”
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*kalwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈkɑl.wɑz/
bald
“……-s (found also in Balto-Slavic), from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (‘bald, bare; head’). Also suggested as borrowed from early Latin calvus.…”
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*kutjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈkut.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to cut
“…Possibly related to *ketwą (‘meat’). Also compare *kwetwą (‘flesh’). For possible sense development, compare Latin carō (‘meat’), which probably was originally "a piece of meat cut off".…”
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*līstǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈliːs.tɔ̃ː/
strip; band; hem; selvage; list
“……- (‘edge; seam; band’), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (‘track; groove; furrow’) (see also *laistaz); or perhaps related to Latin lītus (‘shore; coast’).…”
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*rudjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈruð.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to clear
“…From *rudą (‘a clearing’) + *-janą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (‘to dig out’), see also Latin ruo (‘I dig out’), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (‘to tear’).…”
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*samdaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈsɑm.dɑz/
sand
“……, likely borrowed from a Western European substrate. Cognate with Ancient Greek ψᾰ́μμος (psắmmos), ἄμαθος (ámathos, ‘sand’), Latin sabulum (‘coarse sand, gravel’).…”
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*sebô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈse.βɔːː/
sense, taste, perception
“…From Proto-Indo-European *sep- (‘to taste, test, try out’). Cognate with Latin sapiō (‘to smack, taste, savour, have sense, discern’), Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, ‘wise, clever’).…”
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*silāną
verb · Weak class 3 · /ˈsi.lɑː.nɑ̃/
to be still, be silent
“…From Proto-Indo-European *seyl- (‘still, windless, quiet, slow’). Cognate with Latin sileō (‘be silent’). Related to Old English sālnes (‘silence’), Old Norse sil (‘slow flowing water’).…”
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*wagnisô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈwɑɣ.ni.sɔːː/
plowshare, ploughshare
“……m Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-. Cognate with Old Prussian wagnis (‘ploughshare’), Ancient Greek ὀφνίς (ophnís) (Hesychius) and Latin vōmis, vōmer.…”