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*klumpô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈklum.pɔːː/
clasp; clamp
“……lumppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *glembʰ- (‘clasp; mass’), apparently a nasal-infixed form of *glebʰ- (‘to clasp’) (compare Lithuanian glė́bti (‘to clasp, clench, seize; to embrace; to take care of’), Latvian glēbt (‘to guard, protect’); Lithuanian……”
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*dawwą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈdɑw.wɑ̃/
moisture
“……wh₂-o-m, from an o-grade form of root *dʰewh₂- (‘smoke, haze’). Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás (‘mist; smoke’) and Lithuanian dúlis (‘mist’).…”
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*dawwaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈdɑw.wɑz/
alternative form of *dawwą (‘moisture, dew’)
“……wh₂-o-s, from an o-grade form of root *dʰewh₂- (‘smoke, haze’). Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás (‘mist; smoke’) and Lithuanian dúlis (‘mist’).…”
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*furkaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɸur.kɑz/
beam, pole, stake, stick
“…From Proto-Indo-European *perg- (‘board, beam, post’). Cognate with Lithuanian pérgas (‘boat made from a tree-hollow, dugout, canoe’), Russian поро́г (poróg, ‘threshold, doorstep, sill’), Latin……”
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*gawjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɣɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to bark
“……l, invoke’), related to Proto-Slavic *zъvati (‘to call’). Or from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (‘to gape, yawn’), related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (‘palate’).…”
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*hnippōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈxnip.pɔː.nɑ̃/
to pinch
“……manic *knibʰ-nā́-ti ~ *knibʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ- (‘to pinch’). Cognate with Latvian kniêbt, Lithuanian kniẽbti (‘to pinch’).…”
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*humelaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxu.me.lɑz/
bumblebee
“……probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (‘to hum’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьmèľь (‘bumblebee’), *komãrъ (‘mosquito’), Lithuanian kamãnė, Old Prussian camus (‘bumblebee’).…”
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*hummōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈxum.mɔː.nɑ̃/
to hum
“…Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *km̥H-néh₂-ti, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (‘to hum’). Cognate with Lithuanian ki̇̀mti (‘wheeze, become hoarse’), kimùs (‘hoarse’), Proto-Slavic *čьmèľь (‘bumblebee’), *komãrъ (‘mosquito’).…”
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*krakjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈkrɑk.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to crack; crackle; shriek
“……shout’), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (‘to make a sound, cry hoarsely’), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (‘to creak, squeak’).…”
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*krakōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈkrɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/
to crack; crackle; shriek
“……shout’), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (‘to make a sound, cry hoarsely’), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (‘to creak, squeak’).…”
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*siniz
adjective · i-stem · /ˈsi.niz/
old
“…From Proto-Indo-European *sénos (‘of last year, old’) with change to an i-stem. Cognate with Lithuanian sẽnas (‘old, previous, ancient’), Latin senex (‘old, aged, advanced in years; old man’).…”
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*tīnaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈtiː.nɑz/
day
“…From Proto-Indo-European *deyn-, *dyew- (‘day’). Cognate with Lithuanian dienà (‘day’), Latin diēs (‘day’), Sanskrit दिन (diná, ‘day’). Related to Proto-Germanic *Tīwaz, from Proto-Indo-E……”
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*þeutaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈθeu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to howl, roar
“……atopoeias in other Indo-European languages: Latin tutubō (‘to cry (of an owl)’), Ancient Greek τυτώ (tutṓ, ‘a kind of owl’), Lithuanian tutúoti (‘to blow, pipe’).…”
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*barną
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbɑr.nɑ̃/
child
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-no-m, from root *bʰer- (‘to bear, carry’). Cognate with Latvian bērns (‘child’), Lithuanian bérnas (‘lad, servant’), berniukas (‘boy’). Compare another cognate Latin forda (‘cow in calf’).…”
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*ganhuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈɣɑ̃ː.xuz/
fast, quick
“……tep’), but Kroonen rejects this derivation and treats the root as having no known etymology, also rejecting connections with Lithuanian guvus (‘agile, quick’).…”
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*ōsaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɔː.sɑz/
mouth
“……Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (‘mouth’) (apparently reformed as a thematic noun *h₃eh₁ésos). Cognate with Latin ōs (‘mouth’), Lithuanian úostas (‘port, harbour, haven’), Russian уста́ (ustá, ‘mouth, lips’), Sanskrit आस् (ā́s, ‘mouth’).…”
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*targǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈtɑr.ɣɔ̃ː/
edge, rim, border
“…From Proto-Indo-European *derǵʰ- (‘fenced lot’), or from Proto-Indo-European *dergʰ- (‘to catch, grasp’). Cognate with Lithuanian daržas (‘border, halo, enclosure, garden’), Old Church Slavonic подрагъ (podragŭ, ‘hem, edge, rim’).…”
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*wai
interjection · /ˈwɑi̯/
woe! alas! (expression of grief or anguish)
“…From Proto-Indo-European *wáy (‘woe! (interjection)’). Compare Latin vae, Lithuanian vai̇̃, vái, Russian увы́ (uvý, ‘alas’), Middle Irish fáe, Welsh gwae (‘woe’), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi), Sanskrit उवे……”
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*bai
determiner · /ˈbɑi̯/
both
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰóh₁, possibly from the neuter dual form *bʰóy(h₁). Compare Lithuanian abu (‘both’), Proto-Slavic *oba (‘both’), Sanskrit उभ (ubhá, ‘both, each of the two’), Latin (am)bō (‘both’);…”
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*herþrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈxer.θrɑ̃/
innards; guts; internal organs
“……, divide’) (to which Orel compares Proto-West Germanic *herþ (‘hearth’)) or *ḱerd- (‘heart’), with the suffix *-þrą. Compare Lithuanian kartóklys (‘omasum’).…”
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*hildiz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈxil.diz/
battle, fight
“……ndo-European *kelh₂- (‘to hit, strike’). Cognate with Latin clādēs (‘destruction’), Ancient Greek κόλος (kólos, ‘hornless’), Lithuanian kálti (‘to strike, forge’), Russian колоть (kolotʹ, ‘to prick’).…”
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*hōhô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈxɔː.xɔːː/
plough
“……ḱokh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā, ‘branch’), Russian соха́ (soxá, ‘wooden plough’), Armenian ցախ (cʻax, ‘branch’), Lithuanian šakà (‘branch’), Old Irish géc (‘branch’) and Persian شاخ (šâx, ‘branch’).…”
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*jabai
conjunction · /ˈjɑ.βɑi̯/
when, if
“……, hesitation, doubt’), from *ja, demonstrative/relative pronoun; or from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós (‘already’). Cognate with Lithuanian jei (‘if, when’), Albanian po.…”
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*kerzaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈker.zɑ.nɑ̃/
to creak (of birds)
“…From Proto-Indo-European *gers-. Cognate with Latin garrio (‘to chatter’) and Lithuanian gar̃sas (‘sound’). The expected form *kersaną is unattested, the current form with -z- arose by influence of the i……”
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*kulą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈku.lɑ̃/
coal
“……̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (‘to burn, shine’). Related to Old Irish gúal (‘charcoal, coal’), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, ‘to burn’), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (‘to shine’).…”