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*baugaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbɑu̯.ɣɑz/
a bend; bow
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰowgʰ-o-s, from root *bʰewgʰ- (‘to bend; curve, arch’). Cognate with Sanskrit भोग (bhogá, ‘winding, curve’), Proto-Slavic *gъ (b)nǫti (‘to bend, fold, dimple, flex’).…”
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*burþiz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈbur.θiz/
bearing, carrying
“……rom Proto-Indo-European *bʰér-tis ~ *bʰr̥-téys, an abstract nominalization from root *bʰer- (‘to bear, carry’). Cognate with Sanskrit भृति (bhṛti, ‘bearing, carrying, bringing, fetching’).…”
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*fadēr
noun · masculine · r-stem · /ˈɸɑ.ðɛːr/
father
“……ropean *ph2tḗr (‘father’). Cognates include Old Armenian: հայր (hayr), Scottish Gaelic athair, Ancient Greek πατήρ (patḗr), Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ́), Latin pater, and Tocharian B pācer, all meaning ‘father’.…”
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*fanþijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɸɑn.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to travel by foot, walk
“……Indo-European *pónt-ye/o- from root *pent- (‘to pass; path’). Cognates are Ancient Greek πατέω (patéō, ‘to walk, tread’) and Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā-, ‘a way, path, roadway, course’).…”
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*grēduz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈɣrɛː.ðuz/
desire, hunger
“……*gʰreh₁-, *gʰer- (‘to desire, enjoy’). Related to Latin horior (‘to encourage’), Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, ‘to rejoice’), Sanskrit हर्यति (háryati, ‘to like, enjoy’).…”
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*hlidą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈxli.ðɑ̃/
lid, cover
“……ch is covered’), from the adjective *ḱlitós (‘covered’), from the root *ḱley- (‘to shelter, cover’). Compare, in particular, Sanskrit श्रित (śritá, ‘lying, situated in’).…”
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*hurną
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈxur.nɑ̃/
horn
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-m, from *ḱerh₂- (‘head, horn’). Cognate with Latin cornū, Sanskrit शृङ्ग (ṡṛṅga, ‘horn’), Old Church Slavonic сръна (srŭna, ‘roedeer’), Hittite [script needed] (surna, ‘horn’).…”
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*ōsaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɔː.sɑz/
mouth
“……₃eh₁ésos). Cognate with Latin ōs (‘mouth’), Lithuanian úostas (‘port, harbour, haven’), Russian уста́ (ustá, ‘mouth, lips’), Sanskrit आस् (ā́s, ‘mouth’).…”
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*wai
interjection · /ˈwɑi̯/
woe! alas! (expression of grief or anguish)
“……e Latin vae, Lithuanian vai̇̃, vái, Russian увы́ (uvý, ‘alas’), Middle Irish fáe, Welsh gwae (‘woe’), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬫𐬋𐬌 (vayōi), Sanskrit उवे (uvé), Persian وای (vây).…”
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*þusiþaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈθu.si.θɑz/
silent
“…The past participle of a lost verb, *þusjaną (‘to be calm’), from Proto-Indo-European *tews- (‘to be happy’). Cognate with Sanskrit तुष्यति (túṣyati, ‘to be satisfied, to become calm’).…”
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*agjō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑɣ.jɔː/
edge, sharp edge, blade; corner, angle
“……oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-ih₂ ~ *h₂ḱ-yéh₂-s, a derivative of *h₂eḱ- Kroonen 2013. Cognate with Latin aciēs, Sanskrit अश्रि, Ancient Greek ἄκρος Piwowarczyk 2022 Ringe 2017.…”
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*bai
determiner · /ˈbɑi̯/
both
“……-European *bʰóh₁, possibly from the neuter dual form *bʰóy(h₁). Compare Lithuanian abu (‘both’), Proto-Slavic *oba (‘both’), Sanskrit उभ (ubhá, ‘both, each of the two’), Latin (am)bō (‘both’);…”
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*hōhô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈxɔː.xɔːː/
plough
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱokh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā, ‘branch’), Russian соха́ (soxá, ‘wooden plough’), Armenian ցախ (cʻax, ‘branch’), Lithuanian šakà (‘bra……”
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*kulą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈku.lɑ̃/
coal
“……*ǵulHom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (‘to burn, shine’). Related to Old Irish gúal (‘charcoal, coal’), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, ‘to burn’), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (‘to shine’).…”
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*mainaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈmɑi̯.nɑz/
mean, damaging, hurtful
“……ndo-European *meh₂y-, which could be reduced from *(s)meh₂- (‘to beckon’) + *-yeti. See also Latin maereo (‘I am mournful’), Sanskrit मेनि (meni, ‘wrath, punishment’), Proto-Slavic *mamiti (‘to deceive’).…”
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*mīmrōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈmiːm.rɔː.nɑ̃/
to think, keep in mind, be mindful, muse.
“……ht, remember, care for’). Cognate with *maimrōną (‘to think, ponder, muse, think out’), Latin memor (‘mindful, thoughtful’), Sanskrit स्मरति (smárati, ‘he remembers, recollects’).…”
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*rētiz
adjective · i-stem · /ˈrɛː.tiz/
fierce, violent
“……al adjective derived to a lost strong verb *rōtaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d-. Related to Latin rōdō (‘to gnaw’) and Sanskrit रदति (radati, ‘to dig’).…”
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*wangaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈwɑŋ.ɡɑz/
field, meadow, pasture, plain
“……bent or bowed’), the same source as *wangô (‘cheek’). Compare Old Prussian wangus (‘oak forest’), Albanian vang (‘fallow’), Sanskrit वञ्च् (vañc, ‘to move crookedly’).…”
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*gaumaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɣɑu̯.mɑz/
heed, attention
“…Kroonen reconstructs this word from earlier *gaugmaz (compare *draumaz), and connects it with Sanskrit गूहति (gūhati, ‘to hide’) (with analogical -ū-), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰewǵʰ-, *gʷʰewǵʰ-, assuming the original……”
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*-drê
suffix · forms adverbs · /ðrɛːː/
forms allative place adverbs indicating motion toward a deictic or interrogative goal, as in ‘hither’, ‘thither’, and…
“……f the directional adverbial ending *-tre and the emphatic particle *eh₁. The broader PIE ending *-tro/e is also reflected by Sanskrit -त्र Dunkel 2014.…”
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*beuganą
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈbeu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to bend, bow
“……*bʰewgʰ- (‘to bend; curve, arch’). There was also an alternate form *būganą. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *bъgati (‘to bend’), Sanskrit भोग (bhogá, ‘winding, curve’).…”
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*gaizaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɣɑi̯.zɑz/
spear, pike, javelin
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (‘throwing spear’), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (‘to drive, move, fling’). Related to Sanskrit हेषस् (heṣas, ‘missile’), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, ‘weapon’), Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, ‘shepherd's staff’).…”
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*gernaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣer.nɑz/
eager, willing
“……erH- (‘to yearn for, rejoice’). Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, ‘to be very glad’), Latin horior (‘to encourage’), Sanskrit हर्यति (háryati, ‘to enjoy, like’).…”
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*hamô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈxɑ.mɔːː/
shape, physical form
“…Uncertain; possibly from unattested strong verb *hamaną + *-ô, perhaps cognate with Sanskrit शामूल (śāmūla, ‘woolen shirt’), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (‘to cover?’). Hyllested instead suggests b……”
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*hasô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈxɑ.sɔːː/
hare
“……are with Welsh ceinach (‘hare’), English hare, Latin cascus (‘old’), Old Prussian sasins (‘hare’), Pashto سوی (soe, ‘hare’), Sanskrit शश (śaśa, ‘hare’). Note also Welsh cannu (‘to whiten’).…”