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*minnizô
adjective · an/īn-stem · /ˈmin.ni.zɔːː/
comparative degree of * lītilaz
“……ival stem *minn- (compare the adverb *minniz), from Proto-Indo-European *mey-n- (‘small’), suffixed with *-izô. Cognate with Latin minor, minus.…”
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*neurô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈneu̯.rɔːː/
kidney
“…From Proto-Indo-European *négʷʰrō. Cognate with Latin nefrōnēs pl (Praeneste), nebrundinēs pl (Lanuvium), Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós), all meaning both “kidney” and “test……”
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*skarną
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈskɑr.nɑ̃/
filth, dung
“…From Proto-Indo-European *sóḱr̥ (‘dung, excrement’). Cognate with Latin cerda ("dung, feces"; in compounds: mūscerda, sūcerda, etc.), Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, ‘excrement, feces’).…”
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*speru
noun · neuter · u-stem · /ˈspe.ru/
spear
“…From Pre-Germanic *sperHu-, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (‘spear; a kind of tree’). Cognate with Latin sparus (‘hunting spear’), Albanian shpardh (‘Italian oak’).…”
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*spīkō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈspiː.kɔː/
a large nail, spike
“……word seems to derive from Proto-Indo-European *speyg-, a *g-extension of *spey- (‘long, sharp’); Orel notes similarities to Latin spīcus (‘pin’);.…”
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*timrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈtim.rɑ̃/
building
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dem (H)-ro-s, from *dem- (‘to build’). Cognate with Latin domus (‘house; home’), Ancient Greek δέμω (démō, ‘to build’).…”
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*wakaną
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈwɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to wake, be awake, arise
“…From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (‘to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful’). Cognate with Latin vegeō (‘be quick, be aroused, be alert’).…”
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*þrakjaz
noun · masculine · ja-stem · /ˈθrɑk.jɑz/
dirt
“…Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terǵ-, *(s)terḱ-, *(s)treḱ- (‘manure, dung; to sully, soil, decay’); see Latin stercus (‘dung, manure’) for more.…”
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*bardaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbɑr.ðɑz/
beard
“……oto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ (‘beard’), remodeled from a feminine to a masculine a-stem via analogy. Compare Latvian bā̀rda, Latin barba, both meaning ‘beard’.…”
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*duskaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈdus.kɑz/
dark, dark-colored, dusky
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dʰús-ko-s, from a zero-grade form of root *dʰwes- (‘to smoke, fume’). Cognate with Latin fuscus (‘swarthy, dusty, dark’).…”
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*furhs
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈɸurxs/
furrow
“…From Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (‘to dig’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸrikā (‘furrow’), Latin porca (‘lynchet’), Lithuanian praparšas (‘ditch’), Sanskrit पर्शान (párśāna, ‘chasm’).…”
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*fuþiz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈɸu.θiz/
vagina
“……ilt from an-stem *feuþô ~ *futtaz, from pre-Proto-Germanic *péut-ō ~ *put-nós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewt-, cognate with Latin pūtos (‘penis’).…”
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*gastiz
noun · masculine · i-stem · /ˈɣɑs.tiz/
stranger, guest
“……gasti-, 450–350 BCE, Negau), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (‘stranger, guest’). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *gastis, Latin hostis.…”
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*jainaz
determiner · /ˈjɑi̯.nɑz/
that over there, yon
“…From the pronominal Proto-Indo-European *ís; related to Old Church Slavonic онъ (onŭ, ‘he’), Latin idem (‘the same’), and Sanskrit एन (ena, ‘that; he’).…”
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*krimmaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈkrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/
to crumble
“……oto-Indo-European *gremH-, which may be related to *h₂ger- (‘to gather’). Cognate with Lithuanian grùmti (‘to push, shove’), Latin gremium (‘lap, bosom; armful’).…”
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*laguz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈlɑ.ɣuz/
water, liquid
“…From Proto-Indo-European *lókus (‘lake, pond’). Cognate with Latin lacus (‘hollow, pond’), Old Irish loch (‘lake, pond’), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, ‘waterhole, pond, pit’).…”
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*lētaną
verb · Strong class 7d · /ˈlɛː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to let, to allow
“…From Proto-Indo-European *leh₁d- (‘to let (go), be tired’). Compare Latin lassus (‘tired’), Albanian lodh, and possibly Ancient Greek ληδεῖν (lēdeîn, ‘to be tired’).…”
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*natją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈnɑt.jɑ̃/
net
“…From western Proto-Indo-European *neHd- (‘to turn, twist, knot’). Perhaps related to Latin nassa (‘fish trap’), nōdus (‘knot, node’), Old Irish nascaid (‘to bind’).…”
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*swarmaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈswɑr.mɑz/
swarm
“…From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (‘to buzz, hum’). Cognate with Latin susurrus (‘whispering, humming, murmur’), Lithuanian surma (‘a pipe’), Russian свире́ль (svirélʹ, ‘a pipe, reed’).…”
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*swēsaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈswɛː.sɑz/
one's own, familiar, trusted
“…Likely from Proto-Indo-European *swēdʰh₁-s-os or *swēdʰh₁-to-s. Related to Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, ‘custom’), Latin suēscō (‘to become accustomed to’).…”
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*tīhaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈtiː.xɑ.nɑ̃/
to show, point out
“…From Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti, from *deyḱ- (‘to show’). Cognate with Latin dīcō (‘speak, say, tell’), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, ‘show, point out, explain, teach’).…”
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*þagjaną
verb · Weak class 3 · /ˈθɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to be silent, to not speak
“……do-European *tHk- (‘to be silent’). Cognate with Proto-Italic *takēō. Kroonen reconstructs a stative formation common to the Latin and Germanic.…”
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*bazją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈbɑz.jɑ̃/
berry
“……sc (‘red, berry-colored’), based on a purported connection with Proto-West Germanic *basu (‘purple, crimson’), as well as to Latin fascis (‘bundle’) and its relatives, though Latin bāca (‘berry’) is likely not related. Older theories tentatively conn……”
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*brekaną
verb · Strong class 4 · /ˈbre.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to break
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-e/o-, from root *bʰreg- (‘to break’). Cognates are Latin frangō (‘to break, shatter’) and Albanian brishtë (‘fraigile, brittle; weak, slim’).…”
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*framjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɸrɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to promote, to further
“…From *framaz + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *pró-mo-s, from *pró (‘toward, leading to’). Compare Latin framea (‘spear’) probably from *framjō (literally “forward going one”).…”