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*dungōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈduŋ.ɡɔː.nɑ̃/
to cover
“……ʰ- (‘to cover, hide, conceal’). Related to *dungz (‘cellar’) and possibly *dungō (‘earth, dirt; dung, manure’). Cognate with Lithuanian deñgti (‘to cover’) and Albanian dëng (‘full, stuffed’).…”
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*fehaną
verb · Strong class 5 · /ˈɸe.xɑ.nɑ̃/
to rejoice, be glad
“…From Proto-Indo-European *péḱ-e/o- from root *peḱ- (‘joyful, pretty’). Cognate with Lithuanian puošti (‘to decorate’). Related to *fagjaną (‘to cause to rejoice; to please’), *fēgōną (‘to polish; to clean; to……”
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*grēwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣrɛː.wɑz/
grey
“……from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (‘to glow, be visible’), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *zьrěti (‘to observe, look at’), Lithuanian žėrė́ti (‘to shine, sparkle’), and Proto-Germanic *greujaną (‘to dawn’) (whence Swedish gry (‘to dawn’)).…”
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*inkô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈiŋ.kɔːː/
grief, ache, regret
“……ence Serbo-Croatian је́за/jéza (‘horror, shiver’), Slovene jẹ́za (‘anger’) and dialectal Bulgarian енза (enza, ‘sickness’)), Lithuanian éngti (‘to press, strangle’).…”
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*kwernuz
noun · feminine · u-stem · /ˈkʷer.nuz/
millstone
“……Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (‘heavy stone’), from *gʷréh₂us (‘heavy’). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, ‘pressing stone’), Lithuanian gi̇̀rna (‘grindstone, millstone’), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, ‘grindstone, millstone’), Old Irish bró (‘millstone, ha……”
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*mihstaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈmix.stɑz/
cloud, mist, fog
“……-lo- (‘drizzle, fog’), from Proto-Indo-European *meygʰ-, *h₃meygʰ- (‘to flicker, blink, be dark; cloud, mist’). Cognate with Lithuanian miglà (‘fog’), Russian мгла (mgla, ‘fog, haze’).…”
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*skītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈskiː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to defecate, to shit
“……el, from Proto-Indo-European *skéydt, from *skeyd- (‘to cut off’) (though Kroonen is implicitly skeptical). Cognates include Lithuanian šikti (‘to defecate, shit’), Proto-Slavic *cěditi (‘to strain, filter’), Ancient Greek σχῐ́ζω (skhĭ́zō, ‘to split’……”
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*swelaną
verb · Strong class 4 · /ˈswe.lɑ.nɑ̃/
to burn
“…From Proto-Indo-European *swelH- (‘to burn’). Cognate with Lithuanian svi̇̀lti (‘to singe’), Latvian svals (‘vapor, smoke’), Ancient Greek εἵλη (heílē, ‘warmth of the sun’), and possib……”
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*þinhaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈθĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃/
to thrive
“…From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (‘to be suitable’). Possibly related to Lithuanian ti̇̀kti (‘to fit, suit’), pati̇̀kti (‘to appeal, like’), Latvian tikt (‘to arrive at’), Ukrainian такнути (taknuty……”
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*þūmô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈθuː.mɔːː/
thumb
“……), thus "big swollen finger" > "thumb". Cognate with Sanskrit तुम्र (túmra, ‘strong, big’), Latin tumor (‘swelling, tumor’), Lithuanian tumė́ti (‘to coagulate’), Welsh twf (‘strength’).…”
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*-lif
suffix · forms numerals · /liɸ/
fossilized numeral-forming element found in Proto-Germanic *ainalif (‘eleven’) and *twalif (‘twelve’), originally…
“……o-European *leyp-, which would connect the element with Proto-Germanic *lībaną; however, he notes that the Baltic parallels, Lithuanian vienúolikaand dvýlika, point instead to *-likʷ-, from PIE *leykʷ-. Fulk Fulk 2018 adopts the latter analysis more……”
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*leukaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈleu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to pull, pluck, weed
“……rom Pre-Germanic *léwǵ-e/o- Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (‘to break’), cognate with Sanskrit रुजति (rujáti, ‘to break open’), Lithuanian lū́žti (‘to break’) and Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem, ‘to break, to loose’) Kroonen, 2013 Orel, 2003.…”
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*skeubaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈskeu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/
to push, drive
“……e forward’), possibly metathesized from *ksewbʰ- (compare Sanskrit क्षुभ् (kṣubh, ‘to throw, shake, agitate’)). Cognate with Lithuanian skubė́ti (‘to hurry, rush’), Polish skubać (‘to pull quickly, pluck’).…”
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*werganą
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈwer.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to strangle
“…From Proto-Indo-European *wérǵʰ-e-, from *werǵʰ- (‘to bind, squeeze’). Cognate with Lithuanian ver̃žti (‘to tighten, string’), Proto-Slavic *povorzъ (‘cord, rope’), as well as perhaps Albanian vjerdh (‘to inst……”
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*wringaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈwriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/
to squeeze, twist, wring
“…Probably related to Lithuanian rangýti (‘to writhe’), pointing to a Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ- (‘to squeeze, wring’). If additionally related t……”
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*remaz
noun · neuter · z-stem · /ˈre.mɑz/
peace, quiet, tranquility
“……ean *h₁rem- (‘to be quiet, calm’). Related to Sanskrit रमते (rámate, ‘to calm down’), रामयति (rāmáyati, ‘to bring to rest’), Lithuanian ri̇̀mti (‘to calm down’).…”
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*starkuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈstɑr.kuz/
stiff; rigid
“……ective reconstructed either as an o-stem or u-stem, derived from a root *sterg- (‘to harden, be rigid, stiff’), cognate with Lithuanian strė́gti (‘to harden, congeal, freeze’).…”
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*þigjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈθiɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to accept, receive
“……the root Proto-Indo-European *tek- (‘to take by the hand, receive, obtain’). Cognate with Old Irish techtaim (‘I possess’), Lithuanian tèkti (‘to be granted’), Ancient Greek κτάομαι (ktáomai, ‘to acquire’).…”
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*faiknaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸɑi̯k.nɑz/
wicked, deceitful, insidious
“……rm of root *peyǵ- (‘inactive, reluctant’). Cognate with Latin pigeō (‘to feel annoyance or reluctance at; to repent of’) and Lithuanian pigùs (‘low, cheap’). Related to *faikną (‘malice; deceit’).…”
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*fellą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɸel.lɑ̃/
skin, hide
“……e, cloth’) with the geminate -ll- from Kluge’s Law. Cognate with Latin pellis (‘animal skin; pelt, fell, hide; leather’) and Lithuanian plėnė̃ ('membrane, film') Derksen 2015.…”
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*skardaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈskɑr.ðɑz/
cut up, damaged
“……manic *skordʰ-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ- (‘to cut up’); cognate with Old Irish scerdaid (‘to peel, scrape off’), Lithuanian sker̃sti (‘to cut, slaughter’). The Indo-European root may be an extension of *sker- (‘to cut’).…”
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*stōraz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈstɔː.rɑz/
big, large
“……with Sanskrit स्थूर (sthūrá, ‘big, strong, thick, massy’), Old Armenian ստուար (stuar, ‘fat’), Proto-Slavic *starъ (‘old’), Lithuanian stóras (‘thick’).…”
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*teldaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈtel.dɑ.nɑ̃/
to cover
“……), with an extension *-dʰ- (perhaps from *dʰeh₁- (‘to put’)), giving *delH-dʰh₁- (‘to put flat’). Potential cognates include Lithuanian délna (‘palm of hand’), Proto-Slavic *dòlnь (‘idem’).…”
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*wartǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈwɑr.tɔ̃ː/
wart
“…From Proto-Indo-European *wers-. Cognate with Latin verrūca (‘high place; excrescence, wart’), Lithuanian viršus (‘top’), Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, ‘top, peak’), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, ‘reef, rock, hill’), Sa……”
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*ak
conjunction · /ˈɑk/
but, however; rather, but instead, especially introducing a correction or contrast
“……llel in Germanic. Cognates of the first particle include Latin at, Vedic Sanskrit अथ, Avestan 𐬀𐬝, Old Church Slavonic а, and Lithuanian o, while those of the second particle include Ancient Greek γε, Old Church Slavonic же, and Lithuanian -ge Dunkel……”