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*werþaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈwer.θɑz/
worthy, valuable
“……e word from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (‘to turn’) through an intermediary meaning of "exchange", a development also seen in Celtic; compare Proto-Brythonic *gwerθ (‘worth, price’).…”
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*aldrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑl.drɑ̃/
life; the course or duration of one's life
“……subsequently developing the Proto-Germanic meaning ‘life, lifetime; age’. A closely corresponding formation occurs in Proto-Celtic *altro-, preserved in Old Irish com-altar and mí-altar Kroonen 2013 Olsen 1988 van Sluis et al. 2023. However, the Cel……”
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*wihtą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈwix.tɑ̃/
thing, creature
“……ь (veštĭ, ‘thing’). In addition to the above theory, Kroonen also compares *weganą (‘to carry, to move’) (cognate with Proto-Celtic *wextā (‘time, course, run’)).…”
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*aglijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑɣ.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to harm, injure, afflict; to trouble, distress, or offend
“…From *agluz + -*(i)janą Orel 2003. A recent Celto-Germanic treatment groups Proto-Germanic *aglaz ~ *aglijana with Proto-Celtic *aglo- under a ‘wound, injure’ isogloss, glossing Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 as ‘treat badly, harm’ and Old English eġlan as 'to ha……”
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*būrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbuː.rɑ̃/
room, chamber
“……ó formation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (‘to grow, be’). Cognates include Proto-Slavic *bydlò (‘dwelling, abode’), Proto-Celtic *butā (‘hut, cabin; dwelling’). Related to *bōþō (‘building, hut; dwelling’) and *būraz (‘dweller, inhabitant’).…”
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*faldōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɸɑl.dɔː.nɑ̃/
to fold up
“…From Proto-Indo-European *pol-t-eh₂yé/ó-, from an o-grade form of t-extended root *pel- (‘to fold’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸaltu- (‘joint’), Albanian palë (‘fold, stratum; class’), and Ancient Greek -πλάσιος (-plásios, ‘-fold’). Related to……”
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*falisaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɸɑ.li.sɑz/
rock, cliff
“……/*pelis- (‘rock, cliff’), or perhaps an s-stem *pél-es- Matasović 2009a. Compare Old Irish ail (‘boulder, rock’), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales (‘rock, stone’), and Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, ‘stone, rock’).…”
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*maisǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈmɑi̯.sɔ̃ː/
titmouse, chickadee
“…Unknown; compared to Proto-Celtic *mesal- (s)kā (‘blackbird’), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mes-l- (Latin merula). Or, possibly related to Norwegian Nyno……”
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*ambahtaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑm.bɑx.tɑz/
servant, retainer
“…Borrowed from Celtic *ambaxto-, reflected in Gaulish AMBACTOS, Old Breton ambaith, and Middle Welsh amaeth Koch 2020 Matasović 2009a van Sl……”
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*aljamarkiz
adjective · i-stem · /ˈɑl.jɑ.ˌmɑr.kiz/
foreign, alien; a foreigner, one from another territory or country
“……as Proto-Norse ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛉ, apparently used substantivally in ek aljamarkiʀ ‘I, the foreigner’ Koch 2020. Compare with Proto-Celtic *alyo-mrogi-, reflected in Gaulish Allobroges and Middle Welsh allfro; Koch reconstructs a common Celto-Germanic *alyo……”
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*falþaną
verb · Strong class 7c · /ˈɸɑl.θɑ.nɑ̃/
to fold
“……Proto-Indo-European *pól-t-e/o-, from an o-grade form of t-extended root *pel- (‘to fold’) Kroonen 2013. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸaltu- (‘joint’), Albanian palë (‘fold, stratum; class’), and Ancient Greek -πλάσιος (-plásios, ‘-fold’). Related to……”
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*felu
adverb · /ˈɸe.lu/
much, a lot (adverb, pronoun)
“……form of older u-stem *feluz (‘many’), from Proto-Indo-European *pélh1-u-s, from root *pleh1- (‘to fill’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸelus (‘much, many’), Latin plūs (‘comparative degree of multus (‘many’)’), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, ‘many, a lot……”
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*fergunją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈɸer.ɣun.jɑ̃/
mountain
“…Probably from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ-un-yó-m, from root *perkʷ- (‘oak’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *Φerkunyā, preserved in Latinized Hercynia silva (‘Hercynian Forest’). The original meaning was likely ‘oak-covered/fo……”
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*fawjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɸɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to sift
“……et al. 2001. Cognate with Sanskrit पवयति (paváyati, ‘to cleanse, purify’), Latin pūrus (‘pure, limpid; clean, pure’), Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (‘fresh’), and Persian پاک (pâk, ‘clean, pure; innocent, clean-handed, sinless; holy’).…”
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*kwastuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈkwɑs.tuz/
tuft
“……opean *gwosdos (‘piece of wood’), which seems like a nominal derivative from a root *gʷes- (‘twig; leafwork’). Compare Proto-Celtic *buzdos (‘tail, penis’) (whence Middle Irish bot (‘tail, penis’), Welsh both (‘hub, nave’)), Albanian gjeth (‘leaf, fo……”
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*sumaraz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈsu.mɑ.rɑz/
summer
“……)m-eh₂- (‘summer, year’) (cf. Tocharian A ṣme, ṣmāye, Sanskrit समा (sámā, ‘season, year’), thematicized differently in Proto-Celtic *samos, Old Armenian ամ (am, ‘year’)).…”
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*wīdaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈwiː.ðɑz/
wide
“……put’), apparently with dissimilation of the first d-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ (‘widow’), *widuz (‘wood’), Proto-Celtic *weidus (‘wild’) and Latin dīvidō (‘separate, sunder’), vītō (‘avoid, shun’).…”
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*kumbraz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈkum.brɑz/
sorrow, burden, trouble
“……full’). An uncertain reconstruction; note that many etymologists view the given descendants as being derived from Latin or a Celtic language (see the etymology at German Kummer).…”
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*agaz
noun · neuter · z-stem · /ˈɑ.ɣɑz/
fear, dread; terror or awe in the face of something threatening
“……𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 as a neuter a-stem and Old English eġe as an i-stem Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄχος and Proto-Celtic *āg-ī- Mallory & Adams 1997 Ringe 2017. A recent Celto-Germanic treatment takes the Celtic and Germanic verbal word fa……”
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*magô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈmɑ.ɣɔːː/
stomach
“……ndo-European branches. Compare Lithuanian mãkas (‘purse, wallet, scrotum’), Proto-Slavic *mošьnà (‘small bag, purse’), Proto-Celtic *makīnā (‘bellows’) (whence Welsh megin (‘bellows’), Breton megin (‘bellows’)).…”
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*-samaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /sɑ.mɑz/
forms adjectives, especially from nouns and abstract nouns, meaning ‘having the character of X, characterized by X,…
“……from Proto-Indo-European *somHós, an o-grade derivative of *sem- Kroonen 2013. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic самъ, Proto-Celtic *somos, Ancient Greek ὁμός, and Sanskrit सम.…”
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*breustą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbreu̯s.tɑ̃/
breast, chest
“……milar root meaning ‘to break, cf. *brausijaną (‘to break, crush’)). Related to *brusts (‘breast, chest’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *brusū (‘belly, abdomen; breast’) and Proto-Slavic *břȗxo (‘belly’).…”
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*bukkô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈbuk.kɔːː/
alternative form of *bukkaz (“buck”)
“……rmanic *bukō ~ *bukkaz < Proto-Indo-European *bʰug-ōn ~ *bʰug-n-ós, from root *bʰuǵ- (‘goat, buck, ram’) Kroonen 2013. Proto-Celtic *bukkos (‘goat’) is likely a loan from Matasović 2009a. Cognate with Old Armenian բուծ (buc, ‘lamb’), Persian بز (boz,……”
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*maitaną
verb · Strong class 7a · /ˈmɑi̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to cut, hew
“…Traditinally derived from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (‘small’) or *meh₂y- (‘to cut’) (compare Proto-Celtic *mailos (‘bald’)). However, in view of the likely causative *maidijaną (‘to hurt’) (see there for further origin), Kro……”
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*widuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈwi.ðuz/
forest
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰ-u-s, and cognate with Proto-Celtic *widus (‘wood, trees’), with both roots likely tracing further to Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- (‘to separate, split……”