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*haslaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑs.lɑz/
hazel
“…From areal Proto-Indo-European *kóslos, which may be of substrate or Wanderwort origin.…”
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*kumbaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈkum.bɑz/
bowl, vessel
“…An ancient Wanderwort found throughout Eurasia. Likely related to Proto-Celtic *kumbā, Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰas, Proto-Albanian *tˢu……”
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*murhǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈmur.xɔ̃ː/
wild carrot
“……avic *mъrky (‘carrot’), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *mérkuh₂ ~ *mr̥kwéh₂; however, perhaps instead an indigenous European Wanderwort. A connection to Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, ‘wild vegetables’), βάκανον (bákanon, ‘cabbage(-seed)’) has been……”
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*hurnungaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxur.nuŋ.ɡɑz/
bastard
“……*kurn- (‘bastard’), but this root shape is problematic. Either an n-stem from a root *kwer- (zero-grade *kur-) or a post-PIE wanderwort.…”
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*kattuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈkɑt.tuz/
cat
“…Uncertain; possible Wanderwort of obscure ultimate origin. Cognate with and traditionally taken as borrowed from Latin cattus (‘cat’); see there……”
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*malhō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈmɑl.xɔː/
leather bag
“……he Germanic and Hellenic terms, and suggests that both terms were borrowed from Thracian, or otherwise from some prehistoric Wanderwort.…”
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*apô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑ.pɔːː/
ape, monkey
“…An ancient loanword, probably an early pre-Germanic adoption of a non-Indo-European Wanderwort, subsequently inflected as the masculine n-stem *apan-. Comparable forms include Sanskrit कपि, Ancient Greek κῆβος……”
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*aspō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑs.pɔː/
aspen; Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula)
“…From a northern Eurasian tree-name *aps- ~ *ops- of uncertain origin, often treated as an old Wanderwort or substrate word rather than as a securely inherited Proto-Indo-European lexeme. Proto-Germanic *-sp- apparently……”
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*arfô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑr.ɸɔːː/
chickweed
“…Probably a prehistoric Wanderwort from an unidentified Mediterranean, perhaps eastern Mediterranean, source de Vaan 2008 de Vries 1977 Edlund 2013 K……”
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*eburaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈe.βu.rɑz/
boar
“…Probably a substrate loan or European Wanderwort. Traditionally compared with Latin aper (‘wild boar’) from Proto-Italic *apros (‘wild boar’), Proto-Balto-Slavic *……”
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*aflaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑɸ.lɑz/
hearth; forge-hearth
“……ecure. (Wachter Wachter 1997 gives good reason to doubt the existence of an l/n heteroclite class.) A substrate or technical Wanderwort origin is also possible.…”
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*silubrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈsi.lu.βrɑ̃/
silver
“…Uncertain. Likely a Wanderwort of non-Indo-European origin. Compare Proto-Slavic *sьrebro, Latvian sudrabs, Lithuanian sidãbras, Latgalian sudobr……”
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*gerstō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɣer.stɔː/
barley
“……espondences (especially the Greek, which requires a root of the shape *ǵʰreydʰ-), probably of non-Indo-European substrate or Wanderwort origin. If indeed Indo-European in origin, the root would seem to be *ǵʰers- (‘to be stiff’) (compare Sanskrit हर्……”
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*aplaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑp.lɑz/
apple, fruit
“……he suffix ablaut appears archaic, but the word's restricted European distribution has also led to its analysis as an ancient Wanderwort or a word diffused after the breakup of Proto-Indo-European Kloekhorst & Lubotsky 2026 Kroonen 2013 Piwowarczyk 20……”
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*habukaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑ.βu.kɑz/
hawk
“……s the sound correspondences between the words in different Indo-European branches to be too irregular and thus views it as a Wanderwort rather than a common PIE inheritance. Note also Latin capys, capus (‘bird of prey’) and Albanian gabonjë (‘eagle,……”
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*akwisī
noun · feminine · ī/jō-stem · /ˈɑ.kʷi.siː/
ax; a cutting tool consisting of a sharpened head attached to a handle
“……ng differences in the root consonants and suffixation compared to Proto-Germanic. The word is therefore likely a prehistoric Wanderwort or loan from an unidentified non-Indo-European language rather than an inherited PIE lexeme. Possibly related are……”
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*swammaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈswɑm.mɑz/
sponge
“……en its lack of the expected shift *s- > *h- (but see σῦς (sûs) for a possible exception). Likely ultimately of substrate or wanderwort origin. Such a substrate word may speculatively be related to the substrate sources of similar words in other langu……”
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*uhnaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈux.nɑz/
oven; furnace
“……manic *ofn) is the same word, or represents a different word altogether. More at *aflaz. Kroonen suggests that the word is a Wanderwort from a pre-IE substrate language, adducing Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀸 (ḫa-ap-pé-na-aš /ḫapːenas/, ‘baking kiln, fire-pit, bro……”
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*ainijaz
noun · masculine · ja-stem · /ˈɑi̯.ni.jɑz/
juniper, probably the common juniper or a closely similar coniferous shrub/tree
“……E inheritance, but without it the Italic–Celtic–Germanic distribution and the irregular plant-name semantics favor a western Wanderwort or substrate origin de Vaan 2008 Koch 2020 Matasović 2009a. A direct North Germanic borrowing from Latin iūniperus……”
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*alaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑ.lɑz/
awl; a pointed implement used for piercing holes
“……rman Liberman 2020 contends that the length of the root vowel in PGmc is essentially unknown and considers the word a likely Wanderwort.…”
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*ēlō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɛː.lɔː/
awl
“……ate. Liberman 2020 contends that the length of the root vowel in PGmc is essentially unknown and considers the word a likely Wanderwort.…”