*aiganą

Runic: ᚨᛁᚷᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Irregular

Meanings

to possess, own, have

Etymology

Inherited as a preterite-present verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₂e-h₂óyḱ-e ~ *h₂e-h₂iḱ-ḗr, the reduplicated stative/perfect of root *h₂eyḱ- (Kroonen 2013: 4–5; Ringe 2017: 291; Rix et al. 2001: 223). The Proto-Germanic present singular *aih- continues the accented perfect singular, with regular Grimm’s law *ḱ > *h, while the plural/infinitive stem *aig- reflects the oxytone accent of the zero-grade perfect, where Verner’s law produced voiced *g (Ringe 2017: 292). Cognates include Vedic Sanskrit ईश (īśá) and possibly Tocharian B aik- (Mallory & Adams 1997: 270; Rix et al. 2001: 223; Watkins 2011: s.v. aik-).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	aih	aigį̄	–
2nd singular	aiht	aigīz	–
3rd singular	aih	aigī	–
1st dual	aigū	aigīw	–
2nd dual	aigudiz	aigīdiz	–
1st plural	aigum	aigīm	–
2nd plural	aigud	aigīd	–
3rd plural	aigun	aigīn	–

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	–	–
2nd singular	–	–
3rd singular	–	–
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	–	–
2nd plural	–	–
3rd plural	–	–

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	aihtǭ	aihtēdį̄
2nd singular	aihtēz	aihtēdīz
3rd singular	aihtē	aihtēdī
1st dual	aihtēdū	aihtēdīw
2nd dual	aihtēdudiz	aihtēdīdiz
1st plural	aihtēdum	aihtēdīm
2nd plural	aihtēdud	aihtēdīd
3rd plural	aihtēdun	aihtēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
aiganą	aigandz	aiganaz

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Descendants

*aigan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ēgan (Old Dutch)
  - eigen, êgen (Middle Dutch)
    - eigen (Dutch)
*aigan (Proto-West Germanic)
- āgan (Old English)
  - owen, ouen, own, owe, awen, aȝen (Middle English)
    - owe, ought, own (English)
    - aw, awe (Scots)
*aigan (Proto-West Germanic)
- āga, hāga (Old Frisian)
  - age (North Frisian)
*aigan (Proto-West Germanic)
- eigan (Old High German)
  - eigen (Middle High German)
    - eigen (German)
*aigan (Proto-West Germanic)
- ēgan, eigan (Old Saxon)
  - êgen, eigen (Middle Low German)
    - egen, eigen (Low German)
eiga, eigna (Old Norse)
- eiga (Faroese)
- eiga, eigna (Icelandic)
- eie (Norwegian Bokmål)
- eiga, eige (Norwegian Nynorsk)
eiga, eigna (Old Norse)
- ēgha, eghæ (Old Danish)
  - eje, egne (Danish)
eiga, eigna (Old Norse)
- ǣgha, ēgha (Old Swedish)
  - äga, ägna (Swedish)
𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (aigan), 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (aihan) (Gothic)

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